线性度评价结果的不确定度

目的 介绍了用最小二乘法评价线性测量系统性度、直流增益和直流偏移几项指标时，测量结果的不确定度分析和评价过程。方法 讨论了影响评价结果不确定度的几个主要误差来源，包括信号源误差、被校系统测量误差、被校系统增益影响、量程范围内输入信号数值个数、环境影响等等，给出了减小线性度、直流增益和直流偏移几项指标评价不确定度的主要措施：（１）环境控制措施，以减少环境带来的不确定度；（２）选取高精度信号，以减少信

The Uncertainty of Linearity Evaluation

Aim\ To describe the uncertainty of evaluation results of linearity and dc gain and offset of linear measurement systems by using the least mean square method, including the courses of analysis and evaluation of uncertainty of them. Methods\ Some error sources of linearity and dc gain and offset evaluation are discussed, including the errors of signal sources, the measurement errors of devices in test, the influence of gain of linear system, the signal number among the range, the environment influence, and the others. Several main methods about decreasing the linearity and dc gain and offset evaluation errors and evaluation uncertainty have been proposed. They are environment influence controlling, decreasing the signal uncertainty to decrease the evaluation uncertainty by signal source, increasing the signal number to decrease the evaluation uncertainty. Results\ In an example of experiment, the analysis and uncertainty evaluation results of linearity and dc gain and offset by using the method is presented. Conclusion\ The courses and conclusion of analysis and uncertainty evaluation of linearity and dc gain and offset in this paper, can be applied to the uncertainty evaluation of measurement standards of relative specifications, also used in the uncertainty evaluation of linearity and dc gain and offset themselves.