不同热管工质对热管冷却反应堆堆芯物理参数的影响与分析

热管冷却反应堆采用非能动传热技术，热响应速度快，可避免堆芯单点失效，具有功率密度大、寿命长、环境适应性强、工作性能稳定等特点，是目前空间核反应堆研究的热点。本文基于清华大学开发的反应堆蒙特卡洛中子输运程序RMC (Reactor Monte Carlo code)，以美国爱荷华国家实验室(Idaho National Laboratory, INL)设计的热管冷却反应堆INL Design A为研究对象，选取3种热管工质开展热管冷却反应堆堆芯物理计算。计算结果表明：锂热管工质不仅拥有很好的热物性参数，并且使用锂热管工质的热管冷却反应堆缓发中子有效份额最大、中子能谱较硬、燃耗反应性损失最小、增殖性能最佳，有利于热管冷却反应堆堆芯小型化与长寿命。因此，推荐锂为热管冷却反应堆的热管工质。

Effect and Analysis of Different Heat Pipe Working Fluids on Physical Parameters of Heat Pipe Cooled Reactor Core

The heat pipe cooled reactor adopts the passive heat transfer technology, which has fast thermal response and can avoid the single point failure of the reactor core. It has the characteristics of high power density, long life, strong environmental adaptability and stable working performance, and is currently a hot research topic of space nuclear reactors. Based on the reactor Monte Carlo neutron transport code RMC (Reactor Monte Carlo code) developed by Tsinghua University, taking the heat pipe cooled reactor INL Design A designed by Idaho National Laboratory (INL) as the research object, three kinds of heat pipe working fluids are selected to carry out the physical calculation of the heat pipe cooled reactor core. The calculation results show that the lithium heat pipe working fluid not only has good thermophysical parameters, but also has the largest delayed neutron effective fraction, the harder neutron energy spectrum, the smallest burnup reactivity loss and the best proliferation performance in the heat pipe cooled reactor with lithium heat pipe working fluid, which is conducive to the miniaturization and long life of the heat pipe cooled reactor core. Therefore, it is recommended as heat pipe cooled reactor heat pipe working fluid.