28个中国紫苏属种质资源的染色体核型分析

为了探明我国紫苏属（Perilla Linn.）植物的染色体特点，本研究采用常规压片法对我国紫苏属的28份材料的染色体核型进行分析研究。结果表明：供试的28份紫苏属材料，染色体基数均为x=20，其中3个为四倍体，2n=80，其余25份皆为二倍体，2n=40；28份材料中均有发现至少一个随体，染色体类型包含m，sm，st 3种，核型有2A，3A，2B，3B 4个类型，最长染色体/最短染色体值1.50~2.80，臂比大于2的染色体占染色体总数的百分比为10%~65%，核型不对称系数59.69%~68.52%；通过核型分析，回回苏和多倍体紫苏类型可能具有更高的进化地位，而野生紫苏与之相反。这些数据表明了我国紫苏属植物资源在细胞学方面具有较为丰富的多样性，同时本研究也对我国紫苏属植物的分类、鉴定等提供了理论参考。

Karyotype Analysis of 28 Chinese Germplasms in Perilla

In order to explore the chromosomal characteristics of Perilla in China,we analyzed the chromosomal karyotypes of 28 tested Perilla originally in China by using the conventional press slice method. The results showed that:The basic chromosome number of 28 tested Perilla were all x=20,three of which were tetraploid,2n=80,and the rest were diploid,2n=40. All of the materials had one satellite at least. There were three kinds of chromosome type:m,sm,and st type,four types of karyotypes:2A,3A,2B,and 3B. On the whole,the Lt/St value was between 1.50~2.80,and the ratio of chromosome of arm ratio>2 was 10%~65%, As.index was 59.69%~68.52%. Through the karyotype analysis,there were some differences and rich diversity among the tested Perilla,and we inferred that P.frutescens var. crispa and polyploid Perilla had a higher evolutionary degree,the situation of the P.frutescens var. acuta was the opposite. These data provided a lot of theoretical references for the classification and identification of Perilla in China.