热水成矿作用

本文从热水成矿作用的基本概念、成矿流体地球化学、物理化学与矿床地质等方面对热水成矿作用进行了系统总结，提出热水成矿流体以同生盆地水、表生水包括大洋水为主，在深循环过程中与高温地质体发生作用而获得热量和成矿元素，最后演化为成矿流体；矿化作用主要发生在热水喷流孔附近的物理化学梯度带；对于发生在沉积岩中同生盆地水成因的热水成矿作用具有类似油气藏的生成储集模式，在开放型构造中形成渗透浸染状矿化；在封闭构造中，含矿流体首先集中在构造圈闭中，在构造活动期水爆成矿。热水沉积建造及沉积相带划分是热水成矿作用研究的重要方面，横向上一般划分为硅质岩沉积带、碳酸盐沉积带、硫酸盐沉积带，同时伴随着矿化分带；纵向上分为脉状充填带与喷流沉积带。

HYDROTHERMAL MINERALIZING PROCESS

A comprehensive review of hydrothermal mineralization is made in light of thefundamental concepts,geochemical and physicochemical conditions of mineralizing fluidand geology of ore deposits.It is suggested that the hydrothermal mineralizing fluids wereoriginated from the contemporaneous basinal brine and surface water including ocean waterwhich became mineralizing fluids after undergoing deep circulation and capturing thermalenergy and metallogenic elements.The mineralization took place mainly in the physico-chemical gradient zones near the spout crater.As for the hydrothermal mineralization orig-inated from the contemporaneous basinal brine in sedimentary rocks,it is similar to oil andnatural gas in the sence of the formation and reservoir model.The mineralizing fluids fil-trated and disseminated into rocks of the basin margin through open structures, while in atrap structure the fluids amassed before it formed metallization and might form hydrother-mal explosion during tectonic activization.The formation and mineralization facies mani-fest very important zonation with silicalite,carbonate and sulfate mineralizing belts andcopper,lead-zinc and mercury-antimony mineralizing belts in plane and vein filling andsedimentary mineralizing belts in section.