细菌黑色素在生物电化学领域的研究进展

介绍了黑色素在结构上与类腐殖质相似，且具有非晶半导体的性质和氧化还原特性。根据合成途径的不同，黑色素可以分为真黑素、棕黑素、DHN黑色素和脓黑素，其中脓黑素主要由细菌细胞内苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸代谢途径产生。其次，细菌黑色素具有独特的生物学功能，可以通过增强细胞的致病毒性提高生存效率，也可以通过降低贻贝幼虫的附着和变形来抑制海洋生物污损。最后，微生物胞外呼吸过程中细菌黑色素独特的分子结构和电化学性质使其作为胞外电子传递载体和终端受体，参与了微生物胞外呼吸的电子传递机制。细菌黑色素的生物电化学特性也对金属的微生物腐蚀过程造成一定影响，拓展了微生物腐蚀直接电子传递理论的应用范围。该综述重在阐明细菌黑色素的电子传递能力具有潜在的功能和应用价值，为产黑色素细菌在微生物腐蚀与微生物燃料电池领域的研究和应用提供理论支持与参考。

Research Progress of Bacterial Melanin in Bioelectrochemistry

Bacteria-produced melanins have a unique molecular structure and electrochemical properties, which have attracted more attentions in the field of bioelectrochemistry. Firstly, melanin is similar to humus in structure and has the properties of amorphous semiconductor and redox. There are four main types of melanins, including eumelanin, pheomelanin, DHN melanin and pyomelanin, which are divided based on their different synthesis pathways and biochemistry properties. Among them, pyomelanin is mainly produced by bacterial intracellular phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism. Secondly, bacteria-produced melanins have unique biological functions, which can enhance the survival efficiency by enhancing the pathogenic toxicity of cells, and inhibit marine biofouling by reducing the attachment and deformation of mussel larvae. Lastly, melanins has the electrochemical properties, which influence the corrosion process and electron transfer theory of microbiologically influenced corrosion. Since melanin has redox cycling properties, it is used as an electron donor and acceptor, as well as an electron mediator. The purpose of this review is to elaborate the principle and mechanism of bacterial melanin as an extracellular electron transport particle, and to provide theoretical support and reference for the application of melanin-producing bacteria in the field of microbial corrosion and microbial fuel cells.