小清河表层沉积物重污染区重金属赋存形态及风险评价

测定了小清河表层沉积物重污染区间隙水中重金属(Cu、As、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd和Ni)的质量浓度,采用改进的BCR顺序提取法分析了沉积物中重金属的赋存形态,并分别基于美国水质基准(CCC、CMC)和风险评价编码法(RAC)、潜在生态风险指数法对间隙水和表层沉积物中重金属的毒性及生态风险进行评价.结果表明,小清河沉积物间隙水中的重金属基本不会对水生态系统产生毒性.除As外,表层沉积物中6种重金属的含量显著高于土壤背景值,呈现明显的累积效应.沉积物中Cu、As和Ni主要赋存于残渣态,Pb、Cr主要赋存于可氧化态和残渣态,Zn、Cd以酸可溶解态和可还原态为主.Cd、Zn、Cr和Pb的有效态含量高于残渣态,有较高的二次释放潜力.RAC的评价结果表明,沉积物中Cu、Pb、Cr和As处于无风险到低风险级,Ni处于低风险到中等风险级,Cd处于中等到高风险级,Zn处于中等到极高风险级,不同重金属RAC的平均值依次为CdZnNiAsCuCrPb.潜在生态风险指数法的评价结果表明,沉积物中除Cd有强~很强生态风险外,其他6种重金属均表现为低生态风险,RI值介于136.83~264.83,研究区采样点处于中等~强生态风险.

Speciation and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments from the Heavily Polluted Area of Xiaoqing River

The concentrations of Cu, As, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Ni in interstitial water were analyzed by ICP-MS from the heavily polluted area of Xiaoqing River. A modified BCR's sequential extraction procedure was used to investigate the fraction of the heavy metals in the surface sediments. The aquatic toxicity of heavy metals in interstitial water was assessed by US Water Quality Criteria (CCC, CMC). Based on the speciation of the metals in the surface sediments, the ecological risk of heavy metals was assessed with methods of risk assessment code (RAC) and potential ecological risk index. The results showed that: The tested heavy metals would not pose chronic toxicity for aquatic ecosystem. The contents of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Ni) in the surface sediments were higher than the background values of the local soils, indicating enrichment of heavy metals. Cu, As and Ni were mainly composed with residual fractions, Pb and Cr were mainly constituted of residual and oxidizable fractions, and mass fractions of Zn and Cd existed mainly in acid soluble and reducible factions. The contents of bio-available fractions of Cd, Zn, Cr and Pb in the sediments were higher those of residual fractions, indicating high potential for secondary release. Based on calculation of RAC method, Cu, Pb, Cr and As posed extremely low to low risk to the environment. Accordingly, Ni was of low to medium risk, Cd was of medium to high risk, and Zn was of medium to extremely high risk to the environment. The potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the sediments was in the descending order of Cd >Zn >Ni >As >Cu >Cr >Pb. Cd had high to very high potential ecological risk comparing with the other heavy metals. The potential ecological risk indexes (RI) of the heavy metals in the sediments were in the range of 136.83-264.83, and posed medium to high potential ecological risks for Xiaoqing River.