Introspective psychology, pure and applied: Henry Rutgers Marshall on pain and pleasure.

Henry Rutgers Marshal (1852–1927), architect and psychologist, in his aesthetic theory opposed the severing of pain from pleasure in neurological theories in the 1890s. He held that pain and pleasure are poles of the same quale of experience. Marshall's was an introspective psychology, which he used in his architectural criticism and support of the City Beautiful ideal. The practice of introspection educated him, making him a better judge of personal and civic life. Marshall's work represents a road not taken in 20th-century psychology, one centered on the cultivation of the psychologist rather than on the elaboration of objective methods. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)