地层油气藏主要勘探进展及未来重点领域

近年来,地层油气藏勘探取得了重要进展。为了综述中国地层油气藏“十三五”勘探进展并展望未来地层油气藏的重点勘探领域,开展了典型地层油气藏解剖,研究大型碎屑岩超覆或削截型、碳酸盐岩风化壳型、火山岩或变质岩地层油气藏富集规律,评价地层油气藏资源潜力。结果表明:①准噶尔盆地二叠系和石炭系、中国三大克拉通盆地(四川、塔里木、鄂尔多斯)震旦系顶—奥陶系以及松辽盆地基岩等地层油气藏勘探取得了重大进展,获得油气当量均在亿吨级或十亿吨级。②大型地层油气藏受盆缘或盆内隆起周缘长期继承性古斜坡、区域不整合和输导体系控制,发育准层状集群式巨型—大型地层油气聚集,存在风化壳和内幕2类地层油气藏,均可大规模成藏。③地层油气藏勘探重点领域为中国三大克拉通震旦系—奥陶系碳酸盐岩层间或层内不整合风化壳、准噶尔盆地6个斜坡区二叠系碎屑岩超覆或削截地层、火山岩或变质岩为主的基岩。④未来勘探技术可加强盆地内部多级不整合的识别、成藏要素综合分析以及地球物理探测技术集成,围绕纵向上发现新含油气层系、平面上扩展新含油气区,构建大型地层油气藏成藏理论并推动中国地层油气藏勘探。该研究成果对于未来勘探技术发展、地层油气藏重点领域部署具有重要指导作用。

Main exploration progress and future key fields of stratigraphic reservoirs

In recent years,remarkable progress has been made in the exploration of stratigraphic reservoirs.In order to review the exploration progress of stratigraphic reservoirs in China during the 13th Five-Year Plan period and to look forward to the key exploration fields in the future,the anatomy of typical stratigraphic reservoirs was carried out,then the accumulation laws in three different types of stratigraphic reservoirs were studied,including large-scale clastic rock overlap-cut type,carbonate weathered crust type,volcanic or metamorphic rock type,and finally the resource potential of stratigraphic reservoirs was evaluated.The results show that:(1)The exploration have achieved significant progress in stratigraphic reservoirs of the Permian and Carboniferous in Junggar Basin,the Sinian Top-Ordovician of the three major craton basins in China(Sichuan,Tarim,Ordos),and the bedrock of Songliao Basin,whose oil and gas equivalents obtained are all in the billion-ton-odds.(2)Largescale stratigraphic reservoirs are controlled by long-term inherited ancient slopes,regional unconformities,and transport systems at the basin margin or inner-basin uplift periphery,and develop giant-large stratigraphic hydrocarbon accumulations in quasi-layered clusters way.There are two types of stratigraphic reservoirs including weathered crust type and inner surface type,and both can be accumulated in a large scale.(3)The key areas for exploration of stratigraphic oil and gas reservoirs are the unconformity weathering crust inner or between Sinian-Ordovician carbonate beds among the three major cratons in China,overlap-cut stratum of the Permian clastic rocks in the six slope areas of Junggar Basin,and bedrock dominated by volcanic rock or metamorphic rock.(4)Future exploration technologies are expected to strengthen the identification of multi-level unconformities in the basin,the comprehensive analysis of accumulation factors,and the integration of geophysical exploration technologies.The accumulation theory of large-scale stratigraphic reservoirs would be built and promote the exploration of them in China by focusing on the discovery of new oil and gas layers in the longitudinal direction and extension of new oil and gas areas in the plane dimension.The research results have an important guiding role for the development of future exploration technology and the deployment of key areas of stratigraphic reservoirs.