堰塞体溃决离心模型试验供水系统关键技术研究

堰塞体溃决洪水洪峰流量及洪水时程曲线特征的预测是堰塞湖应急抢险及下游风险控制方案制订的重要依据。堰塞体溃决的离心模型试验，在研究堰塞体溃决机理、溃决过程及溃决洪水的历时曲线特征方面独具优势，但离心模型试验供水系统的设计，涉及到从外部静止状态到高速旋转状态的模型中连续供水，同时还要保证堰塞体溃决过程中上游水位为设定的常水头，是堰塞体溃决离心模型试验中的关键性的一大难题。本文围绕以上难题，设计了一种环形水箱以解决从静态到动态模型的连续供水问题，通过理论分析，确定了环形水箱中可提前注入的最大水量。另外在试验箱设置了竖井式溢流口，可以排出高出设定常水头的水体，保证了上游水位的稳定。通过以上设计有效地解决了供水系统中的关键难题，并在后续堰塞体溃决离心模型试验中得到了验证。

Study on key technology of water supply system in centrifugal model test of damming body breaking

The prediction of flood peak flow and flood time-history curve of damming body breaking is an important basis for the formulation of emergency rescue and downstream risk control plan.The centrifugal model test has unique advantages in studying the mechanism, process and flood time-history curve characteristics of damming body breaking.However, the design of the water supply system in the centrifugal model test involves continuous water supply from the external static state to the high-speed rotating state and maintaining of the upstream water level in the process of the damming body breaking, which is a key problem in the centrifugal model test.In this study, a ring-shaped water tank was designed to ensure the continuous water supply from static to dynamic state.The maximum water volume that can be injected to the water tank was determined through theoretical analysis.In addition, a shaft overflow outlet was set in the test chamber to discharge the redundant water higher than the constant head and ensure the stability of the upstream water level.The above design effectively solved the key problems of water supply system in the centrifugal model test of damming body breaking and ensured the successful completion of subsequent tests.