太行山区水资源供需关系的垂直梯度特征

太行山区具有水少土薄的生态劣势,却承担着华北平原水源供应的重要作用.开展太行山区水资源供需关系垂直特征研究,有助于指导山区生态系统的可持续管理.本研究基于遥感数据以及InVEST模型,定量评估太行山区产水量,并根据不同地区人均综合用水指标计算耗水量,通过不同海拔的水资源产耗比科学划定太行山区水资源的供给区和受益区.结果表明: 2005—2014年,太行山区年均产水总量为65.94亿m³,耗水总量为45.32亿m³,水资源盈余20.62亿m³;从县域和集水区尺度看,太行山区边缘低海拔地区存在一定程度的水资源短缺问题,整个太行山区的产耗比为1.53;根据产耗比随海拔的变化,可将太行山区划分为3个垂直带,0～300 m为水资源补给区,建议发展为农林复合型过渡带,300～950 m为水资源过渡平衡区,建议维持当前自产自耗的现状,950 m以上为水资源外溢区,建议划为水源涵养保护区,严禁一切开发破坏行为.

Vertical gradients of water supply and demand in Taihang Mountains,China.

Taihang Mountains plays a key role in water supply for the North China Plain, even though it has the ecological disadvantages of less water and soil. Research on the vertical characteri-stics of water supply and demand in Taihang Mountains is beneficial for the sustainable management of the mountain ecosystem. Here, we quantitatively evaluated water provision in the Taihang Mountains using remote sensing data and InVEST model. Water consumption was calculated according to the index of per capita comprehensive water use in different areas. The supply and benefit areas were scientifically demarcated based on water supply to demand ratios at different altitudes. The results showed that, from 2005 to 2014, the average volume of water yield and water consumption were 65.94×10⁸ and 45.32×10⁸ m³, respectively, with a surplus water volume of 20.62×10⁸ m³. On the county and catchment scales, there were water shortages in the low-altitude peripheral areas of the Taihang Mountains. However, the water shortage problem was inconspicuous for the overall mountain area, with a water supply to demand ratio of 1.53. Based on the variations in the water supply to demand ratio with respect to altitude, Taihang Mountains could be divided into three vertical bands. Areas with the altitude range of 0-300 m were water recharge areas, which were recommended for development as a complex agroforestry transition zone. Areas with the 300-950 m altitude range were water transfer balance areas, which were suggested as a maintenance zone retaining current levels of water production and consumption. Areas with altitudes greater than 950 m were water spillover areas, which should be designated for water conservation reserves with strict prohibitions regarding destruction.