量子计量基准及SI基本单位的重新定义

电子仪器的测量结果最终要溯源到国际单位制SI的7个基本单位以保证其准确性。上世纪50年代以前，这些基本单位多是由实物基准复现和保存的，其准确性已跟不上科研和生产的需求。20世纪后半叶，量子物理学的成就为进一步提高基本单位的准确性提供了新的手段，建成了一系列的量子计量基准。同时，实践证明，用固定若干基本物理常数的数值来重新定义基本单位，可以进一步提高基本单位的准确性。

Quantum Measurement Standards and Redefinition of the SI Unit

The measurement results of electronic instruments should be traceable to 7 fundamental SI units to ensure their accuracy. Before fifties of passed century, these fundamental SI units are reproduced and maintained by artifact standards, which cannot offer the necessary accuracy for the science and industry. In the latter half part of passed century new approaches to improve the accuracy of fundamental SI units were offered owing to the achievements of quantum physics and a series of quantum measurement standards were completed. At the same time, the practice shows that the accuracy of fundamental SI units could be improved further by redefinition of some fundamental physical constants.