空气热源式气化技术在大型LNG接收终端的应用

近年来，空气热源式气化设备和技术（Ambient air based heating vaporization，AHV）因其具有环境友好、节约能源、可持续利用等优势而在其他国家的新建LNG项目中不断得到实践验证和推行。为此，介绍了AHV的技术特点、分类及其在世界各地的最新应用情况，并与常规气化技术进行了对比，进而提出了该类技术的应用条件，分析了该技术方案的优缺点。结果认为：①LNG接收终端所处位置具体环境的气象条件（年最低环境温度、湿度、风向和风速、持续时间等）是选择合适的AHV技术的关键因素；②设计空气热源气化系统需要确定它的最低环境温度以及备用热源系统需要热机备用的工况条件；③相对于浸没燃烧式气化器，AHV系统的优势明显，且燃气（电）价格比率越高，其优势越显著；④在不适合采用海水开架式气化技术的条件下，AHV可作为优选方案；⑤在免费海水使用受限、天然气燃烧制热成本高昂的情况下，以空气热源作为气化系统基荷热源是最为便利和直接的选择。为中国规划和设计新建LNG接收终端提供了更为经济和环保的气化技术选项

Application of ambient air-based heating vaporizers in large LNG receiving terminals

In recent years,extensive LNG projects in many countries have validated the effectiveness of the equipment and technology of ambient air-based heating vaporization(AHV),other benefits of which have been also found as being environmental-friendly,energy-saving,and in sustainable use.Therefore,this paper first introduces how AHV has been applied in various LNG terminals in India and the USA respectively.Then,compared with other regular gas vaporizing technologies such as open-rack vaporizer(ORV),submerged combustion vaporizer(SCV),etc.,the advantages and disadvantages of AHV are thoroughly analyzed as well as its application conditions.The following conclusions are presented herein.(1) The clincher of AHV is the satisfactory meteorological condition such as annual minimum temperature,humidity,wind speed and direction,length of time,etc.(2) Before the AHV system is adopted,the minimum ambient temperature and the working condition for the standby heat source will be primarily determined.(3) Compared with the SCV,the AHV is superior especially when the fuel gas-electricity ratio is getting much higher.(4) The AHV will be the best choice when the ORV is restricted to use.(5) Under the condition without free sea water but with a high cost in gas heating,ambient air is most convenient and direct option for the AHV system.This study will be beneficial to offering a more economical and environmental-friendly re-gasification technology for the planning and devising of LNG receiving terminals in China.