同源四倍体大麦生物学特性和籽粒品质的研究

作者自1975年起,陆续育成了五个二棱大麦的同源四倍体品系,即4n“8091”、4n“8093"、4n“早熟3号”,4n“Clipper”、4n“Betzes”。4n与相应的2n比较,植株矮10—20厘米,茎杆粗壮,机械组织发达,维管束大,抗倒力强;千粒重4n平均为53.08克,比2n平均为40.78克高32.26％;籽粒粗蛋白含量4n平均为14.75％,比2n的10.43％增长了41.46％,它是一个重要的高蛋白大麦品种资源。籽粒17种氨基含量,4n平均为11.03％,2n为8.03％,增高极显著。但4n结实率低,平均只有59.1％,比2n的94.21％低35.11％,这是同源四倍体大麦至今未能应用于生产的主要原因。作者经多年系统选择,4n“8C93”的结实率已提高到了75.8％,籽粒粗蛋白含量达15.37％,它是一个有前途的好品系。

A Study on Biological Characteristic and Protein Content of Autotetraploid Barley

Five autotetraploid lines of two-rowed barley 4n "8091",4n "8093",4n "Zaoshu No.3",4n "Clipper" and 4n "Betzes" had been bred since 1975.In comparison with the corresponding 2n variety,the plant of 4n line had shorter and thicker stem,more developed mechinacal tissue,larger vascular bundle,stronger lodging resistance.The mean of thousand-grain weight and crude protein content of grain of 4n line was respectively 53.98g and 14.75%,an increase by 32.56% and 41.46% respectively over that of 2n variety.It was considered that 4n line was an execellent source for high protein breeding in barley.There was a very significant difference between 4n and 2n in total content of 17 amino acids of seed,and the former averege was 11.3% and the latter 8.03%.However,the much lower averege seed setting percentage of 59.1% of 4n lines as compared to 94.21% of 2n varieties,was the key reason for autotetraploid barley not to be used in practice so far.After systematic selection for several years,the seed setting percentage of 4n "8093" had been raised to 75.8% and the crude protent content of grain to 15.37%.4n "8093" probable might well be a prospective line for commerial planting after further experimentation.