金融危机以来我国制造业空间格局演变及转移态势研究

在产业转移及转型升级的背景下，制造业空间分布及转移逐渐成为地理学研究的热点。以2008、2016年我国制造业工业销售产值、从业人数为研究数据，应用区位熵、热点分析、锡尔系数、动态集聚指数等方法，对金融危机以来我国制造业空间格局演变及转移态势进行探究。研究发现：（1）我国制造业空间分布具有较强的时空异质性，劳动密集型与资本密集型制造业以及技术密集型与知识密集型制造业分别呈现“西密东疏”、“东密西疏”的空间分异格局，并且不同类型的制造业空间集聚态势也存在显著差异；（2）东部地区的烟草制品、化学纤维等制造业发展不平衡问题较为突出,对我国区域间与区域内制造业空间分布差异的影响较大，而中、西部地区则相对较小，但有逐渐扩大的趋势；（3）制造业转移的主体是劳动密集型与资本密集型制造业,转移的方向是从东部向中、西部地区，转移层次具有较高的梯度性。研究有助于丰富我国制造业空间分布及转移相关理论，为我国经济、产业高质量发展提供借鉴意义。

Research on the Evolution and Transfer Situation of China’s Manufacturing Industry Spatial Pattern Since the Financial Crisis

In the context of industrial transfer and transformation and upgrading, the spatial distribution and transfer of manufacturing has gradually become a hot topic in geography research. Based on the research data of China’s manufacturing industry sales value and number of employees in 2008 and 2016, the application of location entropy, hotspot analysis, Theil indices, dynamic agglomeration index and other methods to explore the evolution and transfer situation of China’s manufacturing industry spatial pattern since the financial crisis. The study found that: (1) China’s manufacturing space distribution has strong spatial and temporal heterogeneity, labor-intensive and capital-intensive manufacturing industries, technology-intensive and knowledge-intensive manufacturing industries show an obvious spatial differentiation pattern that the labor-intensive and capital-intensive manufacturing industries present a pattern of “dense in the west and sparse in the east”, but the technology-intensive and knowledge-intensive manufacturing industries present a pattern of “dense in the east and sparse in the west” respectively, and the spatial agglomeration situation of different types of manufacturing industry also have significant differences; (2) In the eastern region, the unbalanced development of most manufacturing industries, such as tobacco products and chemical fibers, are more prominent. It has a greater impact on the spatial distribution of manufacturing between inter-regional and intra-regional in China, while the central and western regions are relatively small, but there are gradually expanding trend; (3) The main body of manufacturing transfer is labor-intensive and capital-intensive manufacturing industries, the direction of transfer is from the east to the central and western regions, and the transfer level has a higher gradient. The study will help enrich the theory of spatial distribution and transfer of China’s manufacturing industry, and provide reference for the high-quality development of China’s economy and industry.