黄河流域水量分配方案优化及综合调度的关键科学问题

变化环境下缺水流域水资源演变与科学调控是国际上关注和研究的热点问题，也是中国水资源安全保障面临的重大难题。针对剧烈环境变化下黄河流域水资源显著减少、供需矛盾日益尖锐的问题，以提升流域水资源安全的调控能力为目标，识别了流域水资源供需演变认知—适应性评价—高效输沙—分水方案优化—协同调度的5大关键科学问题，从水资源供需演变机制分析、流域水量分配方案适应性综合评价、河库联动高效输沙水动力条件塑造技术、流域水资源动态均衡配置理论、复杂梯级水库群水-沙-电-生态多维协同调度等方面，提出了"黄河流域水量分配方案优化及综合调度"研究的总体架构和理论方法，构建了黄河流域水资源优化配置与协同调度技术体系，为提升缺水流域水资源管理能力与调度水平提供方法借鉴。

Key scientific issues of water allocation plan optimization and comprehensive operation for Yellow River basin

The evolution and scientific regulation of water resources in water shortage basins in relation to a changing environment is not only a key issue that is of global concern and study, but also a primary challenge China has to face in terms of water resource safety. This study aims to improve the ability of water resources allocation to solve the acute contradiction between the supply and demand of water resources in a basin affected by drastic environmental changes. The project recognized 5 key scientific issues:evolution of supply and demand of water resources, adaptive estimate, efficient sediment transport, water allocation plan optimization, and integrated dispatching. This project proposed a general framework to study the water resources optimization and comprehensive operation in the Yellow River Basin. This was done by analyzing the evolution mechanism between the supply and demand of water resources, conducting a comprehensive adaptive estimate for the water allocation plan, producing hydrodynamics condition building technology of efficient sediment transport in river-reservoir linkage, utilizing the dynamic equilibrium allocation theory of water resources, and implementing a multi-dimensional synergistic operation platform for the Yellow River cascade reservoirs. A water resources allocation and scheduling technology system was then constructed in a water shortage basin, which provided a method reference to improve the water resources management ability and comprehensive operation technology level.