大庆市2004--2008年职业卫生现状

目的了解大庆市职业卫生现状，为石油城市今后的职业病防治工作重点提供方向。方法现场调查并填写调查表。结果正式职工接触粉尘人数占总接触人数的15．9％，明显少于非正式用工接触粉尘人数占总接触人的比率（36．5％）；正式用工职业健康检查人数占总接触人数的95．0％，而非正式用工职业健康检查人数占总接触人数的45．2％，正式用工的职业健康监护率明显高于非正式用工的职业健康监护率；2004--2008年5年间，在正式用工中共发现32例职业病病人，其中尘肺14例，尘肺的发病率为10．2／万；急性中毒14例、慢性中毒4例，与接触人数比职业中毒的发病率为4．4／万；非正式用工中共发现29例职业病人，均是尘肺，占接触人数的62．5／万，非正式用工的职业病发病率明显高于正式用工。结论以石油化工业为主的城市，职业卫生工作的重点和难点仍在粉尘行业中小企业的尘肺病防治上，应加强临时用工的职业健康监护。

Current Status of Occupational Health in Daqing City during 2004-2008

Objective ] To understand the current status of occupational health in daqing city, and provide direction for occupational disease prevention. Methods] On-site questionnaire survey was conducted. Results] The number of regular workers with dust ex- posure to total number of dust exposure was 15.9%, which was significantly lower than the ratio { 36.5% ） of non-regular workers with dust exposure to total number of dust exposure ; the number of regular workers with occupational health examination was 95.0% to total number of dust exposure, while the ratio of non-regular workers to total number of dust exposure was 45.2%, the rate of occupational health surveillance of regular workers was significantly higher than that of non-regular workers ; from 2004 to 2008, 32 regular workers with occupational disease were found, among which 14 were pneumoconiosis with the incidence of 10.2/ 10 000; 14 were acute poisoning, 4 were chronic poisoning with the incidence of 4.4 / 10 000; 29 non-regular workers were diagnosed occupational disease, all were pneumoconiosis with the incidence of 62.5/10 000, the incidence of occupational disease among non-regular workers was significantly higher than that of regular workers. Conclusion] In petrochemical-based city, focal point and difficulty of occupational health are still on the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis among small and medium-sized enterprises of dust industry, the occupational health surveillance on temporary employment should be enhanced.