全球钴矿资源分布与找矿潜力

钴是新兴的能源材料，近年来随着需求的日益扩大，钴成为全球勘查开发和投资并购的热点矿种。钴很少独立成矿，多作为铜、镍、铁等矿种的伴生金属产出，含钴矿床可划分为风化型红土镍-钴矿床、沉积型砂岩铜-钴矿床、岩浆岩型铜-镍-钴硫化物矿床、热液型钴矿床4个类型。钴矿资源在全球范围内分布极不均衡，全球陆地探明总储量八成以上分布在刚果（金）、澳大利亚、古巴、赞比亚、菲律宾、加拿大和俄罗斯等少数几个国家，此外还有大量的钴资源分布在洋底多金属结壳内。我国是钴产品生产和消费大国，但国内钴矿资源极其匮乏，对外依存度极高。非洲中部、大洋洲、拉丁美洲北部、东南亚和北美洲是钴矿资源找矿潜力较大的地区，应关注重要资源国及潜力区，以多种形式获得境外优质钴矿资源，提高资源储备，加强供应保障。 

GLOBAL COBALT RESOURCES DISTRIBUTION AND EXPLORATION POTENTIALS

Cobalt as a new energy material becomes a hot commodity in global exploration and investment as its demands are surging. Cobalt, rarely as an independent ore, coexists with copper, nickel and iron ore. Cobalt-bearing deposits can be classified as weathering laterite nickel\|cobalt deposit, sedimentary sand copper-cobalt deposit, magmatic copper-nickel-cobalt sulfides deposit and geothermal cobalt deposit. Cobalt resources are not even distributing globally; 80% of explored reserves are concentrating in Congo, Australia, Cuba, Zambia, Philippines, Canada and Russia. Much cobalt resources are hosted in the ocean floor. China is a big cobalt producer and consumer, but lacks cobalt resources with dependence upon exports. Central Africa, Oceania, northern Latin America, south-eastern Asia and North America are of big potential for cobalt exploration. China shall focus on such areas to acquire overseas high-quality cobalt resources so as to increase reserves and guarantee supplies.