低钾性周期性麻痹临床特点分析

目的：探讨低钾性周期性麻痹的临床特点, 比较原发性低钾周期性麻痹与甲状腺毒症继发周期性麻痹两组患者的异同点。方法: 北京大学第一医院1996年12月至2008年12月住院治疗的低钾性周期性麻痹患者44例, 回顾性分析其临床资料。结果: 原发组和甲状腺毒症继发组各22例， 两组患者共同的特点: (1)均好发于青壮年男性; (2)主要临床表现均为肢体活动障碍和乏力, 大部分病例以反复多次发作为主; (3)部分病例（40.9% ~ 68.2%）发病有明显诱因, 诱因以饱餐、喝甜饮料和剧烈运动最常见; (4)发病时, 两组患者血钾水平均明显低于正常水平; (5)原发组与甲状腺毒症继发组分别有20%和25%的患者肌酸激酶明显升高, 补钾治疗后较快恢复正常, 乳酸脱氢酶及α羟基丁酸脱氢酶均正常; (6)补钾剂量与发病时血钾水平无相关性。两组患者的不同点主要表现为: (1) 甲状腺毒症继发组患者有高代谢症状, 甲状腺功能提示T3、T4升高和促甲状腺激素（TSH）降低, 原发组患者无此类症状, 其甲状腺功能正常; (2)甲状腺毒症继发组血钾水平显著低于原发组［(2.25±0.67) vs (2.78±0.49)mmol/L, P=0.007］; (3)甲状腺毒症继发周期性麻痹较原发性低钾性周期性麻痹在补钾治疗过程中更容易出现反跳性高钾血症。结论: 低钾性周期性麻痹有其临床特点, 早期诊断及时补钾治疗预后较好。补钾时不能仅根据发病时血钾水平决定补钾剂量， 应密切监测血钾水平。甲状腺毒症继发周期性麻痹在补钾治疗过程中更容易出现反跳性高钾血症, 在补钾治疗时应当密切监测血钾, 并积极根治甲状腺毒症。

Clinical features of hypokalemic periodic paralysis

Objective: To explore the clinical features of hypokalemic periodic paralysis, and compare clinical features of primary group with those of thyrotoxicosis secondary group. Methods: Clinical data of 44 patients with hypokalemic periodic paralysis in Peking University First Hospital from 1996 December to 2008 December were retrospectively analyzed. Results: There were 22 patients in primary group, and 22 in thyrotoxicosis group. Identical clinical features of both the groups; (1 ) It had a predilection in young men. (2)Main symptoms were limb movement disorder and fatigue, and paralysis recurrent attacked in most patients. (3) 40. 9% to 68. 2% patients had obvious incentives, and the common ones were a heavy meal, sweet drinks, or strenuous'exercise. (4) Serum potassium levels of the two groups were obviously lower than the normal range. (5) In 20% patients of primary group and 25% patients of thyrotoxicosis secondary group, CK levels were higher than normal, while LDH and HBDH levels were normal.(6) The doses of potassium replishment were not correlated to serum potassium levels at the onset. Different clinical features of the two groups; (1) Patients of thyrotoxicosis group had hypermetabolism symptoms and thyroid dysfunction. Patients of primary group had no hypermetabolism symptoms, and all of them were euthyroid. (2) Serum potassium levels of thyrotoxicosis secondary group were lower than those of primary group significantly (2.25±.67) vs (2.78±.49) mmol/L, P=0;007]. (3) Hyperkalemia is easier than primary group to rebound in thyrotoxicosis secondary group, after replenishment of potassium. Conclusion: Hypokalemic periodic paralysis has its clinical features, and patients with early diagnosis and replenishment of potassium in time have good prognosis. The doses of potassium replenishment are not determined by serum potassium levels at the onset. Hyperkalemia is easier to rebound in thyrotoxicosis secondary group after replenishment of potassium, serum potassium levels should be monitored closely, and hyperthyrosis radically cured.