陇中旱塬不同覆盖集雨种植方式对春玉米生长特性和产量的影响

以春玉米"金凯3号"为供试材料,2015年和2016年开展两年6个不同处理大田试验,设置平地全膜覆盖(WM)、平地半膜覆盖(HM)、隔沟覆膜垄播(MRM)、全膜双垄沟播(WRF)、垄沟秸秆覆盖(SM)和露地平播(CK)6个处理,测定春玉米不同生育阶段生长特性、收获后产量、水分利用效率(WUE)及经济效益等指标。结果表明,覆盖集雨种植方式均能显著促进春玉米生长和干物质积累,提高产量、水分利用效率和经济效益。较露地平作(CK),WRF和MRM处理玉米产量和WUE分别提高了4 561.34、4 126.31 kg/hm2和14.48、12.72 kg/(hm2·mm),以全膜双垄沟播种植方式增幅最显著。试验结果表明,WRF处理纯收益最高,达5 878.26元/hm2,WM处理次之,为4 599.18元/hm2,分别较CK处理增加5 113.3 1和3 834.23元/hm2,可显著提高投入产出比。全膜双垄沟播春玉米种植由于其良好耕作生产特性,是陇中旱塬春玉米高产、稳产的优势选择。

Effects of Different Covered-Rainwater Harvesting Planting Patterns on Growth Characteristics and Yield of Spring Maize in Semi-arid Region in Loess Plateau

Six treatments experiment were conducted in 2015 and 2016, included non-contoured seedbed with film mulching(WM), non-contoured seedbed with half film mulching(HM), ridge-furrow with polyethylene film and straw mulching(MRM), ridge-furrow with full film mulching(WRF), ridge-furrow with straw mulching(SM) and noncontoured seedbed without mulching as the control(CK). The growth characteristics of spring maize during the different growth stages, yield and its economic benefits and water use efficiency(WUE) were measured. The results showed that WRF and MRM treatments increased the average grain yield and WUE by 4 561.34, 4 126.31 kg/ha and 14.48, 12.72 kg/(ha·mm) in compared to CK over two growing seasons respectively, especially based on sole WRF treatment. The results also showed that the highest net income of WRF was 5 878.26 yuan/ha, followed by WM, which was 4 599.18 yuan/ha. Compared with CK, WRF increases 5 113.31 and 3 834.23 yuan/ha, which could significantly improve the input-output ratio.