对我国城市健康养老评价指标体系的分析与思考

目的]通过对《全球老年友好城市建设指南》(简称《指南》)和《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》(简称《纲要》)中的指标体系以及国内与城市健康养老评价指标体系相关的文献及资料进行分析、归纳和总结,为构建一套既符合国际标准又适应中国国情的城市健康养老评价指标体系提供借鉴。方法]采用“老年友好城市、健康城市、康养城市、长寿之乡、指标”等作为关键词,基于中国知网、万方数据库,以及政府官网和国家卫生健康委员会网站等,搜索国内与城市健康养老评价指标相关的文献和资料。结果]《指南》和《纲要》中的指标均涉及健康生活、健康服务和健康环境3个方面;同时,二者也存在一定的差异:《指南》侧重于从微观角度评价老年人群的住、行、环境、社会参与、尊重和包容、就业、信息交流和健康服务等8个方面;《纲要》则侧重于从宏观角度评价全体人群的健康水平、健康生活、健康服务与保障、健康环境和健康产业等5个方面。同时,通过对纳入的21篇文献的分析可知,我国有关老年友好城市评价指标体系构建的研究相对较少,尚未在全国范围内建立起一套系统完整的指标体系;现有的健康城市、康养城市和长寿之乡指标体系均基于我国国情构建,可以借鉴其中城市健康和养老方面的相关指标。结论]未来在构建城市健康养老评价指标体系时,应以《指南》和《纲要》为指导,并结合我国既有的相关指标体系,该指标体系应该是科学全面的、既与国际接轨又符合中国国情需要的城市健康养老评价指标体系。

Analysis and thinking on the evaluation indicator system of urban health care for the elderly in China

Objective Through the analysis and summary of the indicator system in the“Global Age-Friendly City Construction Guide”(“the Guide”)and the“Healthy China 2030 Planning Outline”(“the Outline”),as well as relevant domestic literature and documents and urban health care for the elderly evaluation indicator system,to provide reference for constructing a set of urban health care for the elderly evaluation indicator system that conforms to international standards and China's national conditions.Methods By using“age-friendly city,healthy city,health and convalesce city,township of longevity,indicator”as the keywords,and basing on CNKI,WanFang Data,the government's official website,the website of national health commission,to search relevant literature and data on evaluation indicators of national and urban health care for the elderly.Results The indicators in“the Guide”and“the Outline”all covered three aspects of healthy living,healthy environment and healthcare services;At the same time,there were some differences between them:“the Guide”placed emphasis on live,move,environment,social participation,respect and social inclusion,employment,communication for information,and health services of the elderly to evaluate from microscopic view;“the Outline”placed emphasis on people's health level,healthy living,healthcare services and security,healthy environment and healthcare industry to evaluate from macroscopic view.Through the analysis of the 21 included literature,it could be seen that there were relatively few relevant researches on evaluation indicator system of China's age-friendly cities construction,and a set of systematic and complete indicator system had not been established in nationwide yet;The existing indicator systems of healthy city,health and convalesce city,and township of longevity were constructed based on China's national conditions,it could used for reference of relevant indicators of urban health and health care for the elderly.Conclusions It should take“the Guide”and“the Outline”as the guidance,and combine with China's existing relevant indicator system when construct evaluation indicator system of urban health care for the elderly in the future,which is scientifically comprehensive,and it is in line with international standards and China's national conditions.