交通发展区位测度的理论与方法

交通建设所引致的区位条件改善对促进各类生产要素集聚和地方经济发展,重塑区域空间结构具有重要作用,因此,交通区位的测度一直是地理学的核心议题之一。随着交通网络的不断发展与完善以及新技术、新模式、新因素和新业态的出现,地方传统区位条件被重构,个人出行理念和模式发生了一系列变化。① 交通区位的测度逐渐从依托空间位置和交通设施发展水平的传统地理区位扩展到依托网络连通性、可靠性与出行便捷性的“流空间”新区位;② 研究对象从关注不同地方的区位特征扩展到关注群体出行规律和个体行为差异的微观区位选择;③ 研究内容从交通设施网络的可达性扩展到基于“门到门”的全链条出行服务;④ 大数据挖掘技术和GIS-T技术的发展也使得交通区位的测度朝着更加精确化和精准化的方向迈进。

Theory and methodology of transportation development and location measures

Variations of locational conditions caused by transport infrastructure construction largely promoted the agglomeration of production factors and the local economy and reshaped the regional structure. Hence, measuring transport location has become one of the fundamental topics in geography. Recently, along with transport development, as well as the emergence of new technology, new models, new factors and new industrial forms, the locational conditions have been reconstructed and individual travel concept and patterns changed. The existing research on measuring transport location considers not only the location in the geographic context in terms of the spatial location and transport infrastructure network but also the location in the flow of space concerning the network connectivity, reliability and travel convenience. The research objects changed from various locations to the micro-location regarding group travel characteristics and differences at the individual level. The research contents included door-to-door trips in the accessibility of transport networks. Meanwhile, techniques of big data and GIS-T methods make measuring transport location more accurate.