2012-2013年广州地区鼻病毒感染的流行病学调查

目的了解2012-2013年广州地区呼吸道感染人群中人鼻病毒(HRV)感染的流行特征。方法收集2012-2013年广州市5家哨点医院符合条件的有发热并伴有呼吸道感染症状患者的咽拭子标本2 124份,采用实时荧光定量PCR检测标本中HRV的核酸,同时结合患者的临床基本信息,分析HRV的感染情况、人群分布和时间分布等。对HRV阳性的标本进一步进行流感病毒(IFV)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)等7种常见呼吸道病毒的检测,以了解其共感染情况。结果共收集咽拭子2 124份,1 254份来自门诊急诊病例,870份来自住院病例;男性1 253份,女性871份,男女检出率无明显差异;年龄范围0个月到103岁。HRV检测阳性的标本有101份,阳性检出率为4.76%;阳性标本中20例混合感染了至少一种其他呼吸道病毒,占HRV阳性标本的19.80%;IFV是最常见的混合感染病毒。HRV全年散发,秋季检出率最高(6.13%),冬季最低(1.51%),不同季节检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.592,P0.05)。尤以感染0~4岁的婴幼儿和65岁的老年人为主,中青年检出率低。结论广州地区HRV以感染儿童和老年人为主,尤其是4岁以下的婴幼儿;全年均可发生;男女感染率无明显差异;与IFV混合感染率较高。

Epidemiology of human rihinovirus infection in Guangzhou from 2012 to 2013

Objective To investigate the epidemic conditions of human rihinovirus （HRV） infection in patients with respiratory tract infections in Guangzhou from 2012 to 2013. Methods 2 124 throat swabs of patients with fever and respiratory tract infections were collected from 2012 to 2013 in Guangzhou. Specimens were detected for HRV DNA using real-time QPCR. The infectious conditions were analyzed combining the clinical basic information of the patients. For the HRV positive samples, another seven respiratory viruses including IFV, RSV were detected to analyze for the co-infection conditions. Results There were 2 124 swabs collected,among them 1 254 from outpatients and 870 from inpatients; 1 253 were males and 871 were females, but the infection rate had no statistical significance between males and females. The age was ranged from 0 to 103 years old. 110 samples were HRV positive,with detection rate of 4.76%. There were at least another one respiratory viruses detected in the 20 HRV co-infection samples,with the co-infection rate of 19.80%,and IFV was the most common co-infection viruses. The infection rate of HRV in autumn was the highest and in winter was the lowest. The infants and the elder had higher infection rates than the middle-aged and young people. Conclusions Children and the elder were the most susceptible to HRV infection, especially the infants younger than 4 years old. HRV could infect human throughout the year. The infection rate had no statistical significance between males and females. IFV was the most common virus in the co-infections with HRV.