掺气减蚀机理的研究进展及讨论

本文对空蚀机理及其影响因素进行了总结,综述了掺气量对空化初生和空蚀的影响,在估算空化泡的溃灭时间、冲击波的传播速度及衰减规律、微射流的直径及其速度、微射流对同壁的冲击压强和持续时间的基础上,分析了掺气减蚀机理的研究进展及一些不足之处,水流掺气会导敛初生空化数和空化数都增加,引起水中声速变化,但这些不能合理地解释掺气减蚀的原因.边壁附近的空化泡溃灭时,与周围空气泡的偶合作用,会改变微射流的方向,降低微射流的速度,增加空泡溃灭时间,减小冲击压强,消减传递到固壁的高强冲击荷载而减免空蚀破坏.掺气减蚀的原因足固壁附近空化泡与气泡的相互作用和含气型空化的增加更为合理.

Overview and discussions on the advances in the mechanism studies of air entrainment against cavitation erosion

This paper summarizes the mechanism and influencing factors of cavitation erosion and the effects of air content on incipient cavitation number and cavitation damage. The advances in aeration mechanism studies against cavitation erosion are analyzed by using the concepts of collapse time of a cavity bubble, propagation speed and attenuation law of shock waves,diameters and velocities of micro-jets or re-entrant jets, and impact pressure and its duration of a micro-jet acting on solid wall. These studies rev...