基于MSPA和MCR模型的秦岭(陕西段)山地生态网络构建

快速的城市化发展破坏了生境斑块的连通性,而在应对此环境变化中,从斑块层构建区域生态网络的研究不足。本研究以秦岭(陕西段)为对象,采用形态学空间格局分析(MSPA)辨别生态源地,利用最小阻力模型(MCR)提取潜在生态廊道,构建秦岭生态网络;基于重力模型对生态网络内部斑块的重要性进行分级,并分析了网络的结构特征及景观构成。结果表明: 秦岭(陕西段)生态网络由10个生态源地、45条潜在生态廊道和38个脚踏石构成,生态源地总面积29686.15 km²;网络闭合度(0.11)、线点率(1.18)、网络连接度(0.42)、成本比(0.99)综合表明,网络结构中潜在生态廊道和生态节点的连通性较好,而源地间的连通程度低,构建网络的成本较高;重要生态廊道主要由林地、草地、耕地等景观类型构成,其中,林地面积最大,为571.00 km²,约占廊道总面积的89.2%,景观结构良好;在生态网络中应加强保护生态源地,优先建立并保护重要生态廊道和生态节点。研究结果可为秦岭生态环境保护与高质量发展提供科学的参考和依据。

Construction of ecological network in Qinling Mountains of Shaanxi,China based on MSPA and MCR model.

Rapid urbanization destroys the ecological network connectivity among habitat patches. The research on the construction of regional ecological network at the patch level is obviously insufficient. The morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) were used to identify ecological sources and to extract potential ecological corridors in Qinling Mountains, respectively. The ecological network was effectively constructed. We analyzed the structural characteristics and landscape compositions of the network. Based on the gravity model, the importance of patches in the ecological network was graded and the structural characteristics and landscape composition of the network were analyzed. The results showed that there were 10 ecological sources, 45 potential ecological corridors and 38 stepping stones in the ecological network of Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, with a total area of 29686.15 km². There were good connectivity in potential ecological corridors and ecological network nodes as indicated by network closure (0.11), line point rate (1.18), network connectivity (0.42) and cost ratio (0.99). The connectivity between ecological source was low, but the cost of network reconstruction was high. The important ecological corridors were mainly composed of forest, grassland, and cultivated land. Fore-sts accounted for 89.2% of the total corridor area (571.00 km²), indicating the good landscape structure in Qinling Mountains. The protection of ecological source areas must be strengthened, and priority should be given to the establishment and protection of important ecological corridors and ecological nodes. Our results would provide the scientific reference and basis for the ecological environment protection and high-quality development in Qinling Mountains.