油酸酰胺基季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂的制备及性能

以油酸酰胺丙基二甲基胺、1,3-二氯-2-丙醇、1,4-二溴-2-丁烯和1,4-二溴丁烷为原料,分别合成了3种不同连接基团的油酸酰胺基季铵盐阳离子Gemini表面活性剂GS-1、GS-2和GS-3。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁共振波谱(1 H NMR)对其结构进行表征,并对其Krafft温度、表面活性、乳化性能、泡沫性能、润湿性等性能进行了测定。结果表明,成功制备了3种Gemini表面活性剂GS-1、GS-2和GS-3,且其Krafft温度均小于0℃,为其低温环境下使用,仍然保持较高表面活性提供了理论可能性。GS-1、GS-2和GS-3的临界胶束浓度(CMC)分别为7.7×10^-5、7.08×10^-5和2.63×10^-6 mol/L,和预期结果一致,Gemini表面活性剂的CMC比传统的单链表面活性剂低1~2个数量级;另外,表面活性剂GS-1、GS-2和GS-3均表现出良好的表面活性、乳化性能和泡沫稳定性。

Synthesis and Properties of Oleamide Quaternary Ammonium Gemini Surfactant

Oleamide quaternary ammonium Gemini surfactants GS-1,GS-2,GS-3 were synthesized by the reaction of Oleamide propyl dimethylamine and 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol,1,4-dibromo-2-butene and 1,4-dibromo-butane,respectively.The structures of GS-1,GS-2,and GS-3 were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared(FT-IR)spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance(1 H NMR),and their Krafft temperature,surface activity,emulsification performance,foam performance,and wettability were measured.The results show that three kinds of Gemini surfactants GS-1,GS-2,GS-3 are successfully prepared,and their Krafft temperatures are all less than 0℃,which provides a theoretical possibility for their use in low temperature environments with maintained high surface activity.Then,the critical micelle concentration(CMC)values of GS-1,GS-2,GS-3 are 7.7×10^-5,7.08×10^-5,and 2.63×10^-6 mol/L,respectively,which are consistent with the expected results.The CMC value of the Gemini surfactant is 1~2 orders of magnitude lower than that of the conventional surfactant single alkyl chain.In addition,the synthesized surfactants all show good surface a ctivity,emulsifying properties,and the ability to stabilize foam.