miR-21过表达与淋巴瘤诊治

微小RNA（microRNA，miRNA）是一类长20~25 nt的非编码RNA，广泛存在真核生物中。miRNA的表达呈现进化保守性、时序性及组织细胞特异性，并参与细胞生长、增殖、分化和凋亡等过程，miRNA的表达与多种肿瘤发病相关，具有肿瘤抑制因子及癌基因的作用。miR-21是在肿瘤中常见的过表达miRNA，在多种肿瘤组织中呈现高表达，其在淋巴瘤中也表达升高，并通过多种方式影响肿瘤抑癌基因及相关信号通路促进淋巴瘤的发生，影响肿瘤的进展及预后。使用转染反义寡核苷酸等分子生物学方法降低miR-21的表达可以抑制肿瘤细胞的生长等生物学的行为并提高肿瘤细胞对化疗的敏感性，深入研究miR-21在淋巴瘤中的作用有望为淋巴瘤的发病机制及治疗等方面提供新的思路。本文对miR-21在淋巴瘤中的表达情况，及其调控因素、作用机制、靶位点及与临床诊断治疗预后的关系进行综述。 

Significance of miR-21 overexpression in the diagnosis and treatment of human lymphomas

Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are 20 nt to 25 nt non-coding RNAs that are widely distributed in eukaryotes. MiRNAs regulate gene expression in a sequence-specific manner and regulate diverse expression patterns that are dependent on cell status and identity. MiRNAs function as gene regulators, controlling many cellular processes such as cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. MiRNA expression is also reportedly correlated with many cancers, by acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. MiR-21 is overexpressed in many kinds of tumors, including human lymphomas. MiR-21 promotes tumorigenesis and affects tumor progression and prognosis through a variety of ways by influencing tumor suppressor genes and related signaling pathways. MiR-21 silencing using an antisense nucleotide increases the sensitivity of lymphoma cells to chemotherapy and inhibits the growth of tumor cells. Therefore, studying miR-21 may provide new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of lymphoma. In this review, the authors summarized the current knowledge on the significance of miR-21 in human lymphomas, with an emphasis on its regulation, mechanism of action, target sites in human lymphoma cells, and its potential as a disease biomarker and novel therapeutic target.