大豆根瘤菌接种效应及竞争结瘤能力分析

为了筛选获得竞争结瘤能力强且对大豆生长发育、产量有积极影响的大豆根瘤菌菌株,以前期分离、鉴定、纯化的10株根瘤菌菌株为材料,对高匹配性大豆品种进行了田间接种试验。于大豆盛花期测定根瘤菌的结瘤数量及固氮酶性能。同时,对接种供试菌株及分离获得的根瘤菌菌株进行BOX-PCR并比较不同菌株之间的BOX分子指纹图谱,以此获得供试菌株的田间占瘤率。于成熟期测定大豆的主要生育特征、产量构成因子。结果表明:大豆接种根瘤菌后在整个生长期,叶片表现为颜色深绿,质地鲜嫩;根瘤菌可以显著促进大豆根系结瘤,增加单株根瘤数目。接种处理I4(即接种菌株112-1)的单株根瘤数最多,比不接种对照处理I0多32.95%,差异显著。接种根瘤菌处理的根瘤干重均显著低于不接种对照处理。其中,接种处理I4的根瘤干重最高。接种处理I6的固氮酶活性最高,与接种处理I4之间差异不显著;接种菌株的占瘤率为10%~90%,占瘤率变化幅度较大,平均占瘤率为50%。I4处理占瘤率最高为90%,I6处理(即接种菌株113-1)的占瘤率次之,为75%;菌株占瘤率与单株根瘤数呈极显著的正相关(r=0.82**),单株瘤干重与菌株占瘤率、单株根瘤数、固氮酶活性均呈现负相关(r=-0.387,r=-0.50,r=-0.13);I6处理株高最高,I4处理次之,两处理之间差异并不显著;I2、I4、I6处理的单株荚数、单株粒数相对较高,3处理之间差异并不显著;I4处理的大豆百粒重均显著高于其它菌液处理。根据接种根瘤菌对大豆结瘤固氮性能、产量等方面的影响,结合各根瘤菌株的竞争结瘤能力,筛选获得适于黑龙江哈尔滨地区大豆生产有广阔利用价值的高效大豆根瘤菌株112-1和113-1。

Analysis of the Inoculation Effect of Soybean Rhizobia and the Competitive Nodulation Ability

In order to screen and gain Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains that have high-competitive nodulation ability,in the mean time,be good for growth and quality of soybean,10 Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum strains which were being separating,identification and purification were used as materials to conduct field vaccination test with high-matching soybean.In the full-blossom period,testing the nitrogen fixation.At the same time,BOX-PCR was conducted with testing strains and new strains separated from the field,and BOX molecular fingerprint was compared,and calculated the rate of testing strains.Testing the mainly characters and yield components in the mature period.Result showed that:At the earlier stage,the leaves of inoculated soybean showed dark green and fresher,Bradyrhizobium japonicum could improve root nodules and the number of single nodules significantly.The number of single root nodules of I4 (the inoculation strain 112-1) was the most,compared with the non-inoculated control group of I0,32.95％ and the difference was significant.The dry weight of nodule treated with rhizobia was significantly lower than that of non-inoculated control.Among them,the inoculation treatment I4 had the highest dry weight.The inoculation treatment I4 had the highest nitrogenase activity,and there was no significant difference with the inoculation treatment I4.The incidence rate of the inoculation strain was between 10％ and 90％,and the rate of the tumor rate varied greatly,with the average tumor rate of 50％.I4 had a maximum rate of 90％,I6 (the inoculation strain 113-1)had the second-highest rate of 75％.The incidence of strain was a significant positively correlated with the number of single nodule (r =0.82 * *),there was a negative correlation between single tumor dry weight and rate,single root nodule and nitrogenase activity(r =-0.387,r =-0.50,r =-0.13).I6 had the highest plant height,followed by I4,the difference between the twotreatments was not significant,I2,I4 and I6 had relatively high single number of pod number and single grain number,and the difference between the three treatments was not significant,the hundred grain weight of soybean treated by I4 was significantly higher than that of other bacteria dispose.According to the effect of inoculation rhizobia on nitrogen fixation and yield of soybean nodules,the competitive nodules of the rhizobium strains additionally,this research screened out the high-value and higheffect strains 112-1and 113-1 that were appropriate for Harbin in Heilongjiang province.