心内直视手术患者围术期认知功能的变化

目的观察体外循环(CPB)心内直视手术患者术后近期认知功能损害的情况及相关因素分析。方法分别在术前1d、术后14d对50例CPB心内直视手术患者采用“基本认知能力测验”软件评估其认知功能,并对观察项目结果与认知功能的变化进行相关分析。结果31例(62%)患者术后出现认知功能障碍,术后认知功能测试平均总分(50±13)明显低于术前(54±10)(P<0.01),其中知觉速度、工作记忆及字词的短时记忆等变化显著(均P<0.01)。术后认知功能减退分别与年龄(P<0.05)、CPB时间(P<0.01)、复温率(P<0.01)及PaCO2最高值具有相关性(P<0.05)。结论CPB心内直视术患者术后近期认知功能障碍发生率较高。缩短CPB时间、缓慢复温、适当提高PaCO水平有助减少术后认知功能障碍的发生。

Changes of cognitive function after open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: study of 50 cases

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different factors associated with open heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on neurocognitive function. METHODS: The cognitive capacity of 50 patients undergoing open heart surgery under CPB were studied on the day before operation and the 14th day postoperatively with Basic Cognitive Capacity Test battery, including 7 subtest: Digit Discrimination, Mental Arithmetic, Chinese Character Rotation, Digit Working Memory, Dual-word recognition, Tri-digit Recognition, and Meaningless Figure Recognition. The correlation between the postoperative cognitive decline and the factors associated with CPB was analyzed. RESULTS: The total score of the Basic Cognitive Capacity Test 14 days postoperatively in 31 out of the 50 patients (62%) was 50 +/- 13, significantly lower than the preoperative score (54 +/- 10, P < 0.01), the decline being especially marked in Digit Discrimination, Digit Working Memory, and Dual-word Recognition (all P < 0.01). The postoperative decrease in cognitive function was correlated with age (P < 0.05), CPB time (P < 0.01), rewarming rate (P < 0.01), and the highest PaCO(2) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The incidence of cognitive dysfunction is higher in patients undergoing open heart surgery with CPB during the early postoperative period. Shortening CPB time, slowing rewarming, and appropriately increasing the level of PaCO2 will help to degrade the possibility of cognitive dysfunction after open heart surgery.