宁夏回、汉族中小学生伤害的流行病学特征分析

目的：了解宁夏回，汉族中小学生伤害的现状，发生原因及危险因素。方法：2000年12月采用整群抽样的方法，对宁夏的11所中学，10所小学的6－19岁在校的7000名回，汉族中小学生一年中伤害发生情况进行调查。结果：宁夏回，族中小学生伤害发生率为20．4％，男生明显高于女生（x2检验，P＜0．01），回族学生高于汉族学生（P＜0．05），前5位伤害依次为：跌伤（9．27％），碰伤（4．55％），刀割伤（2．99％），车辆伤（2．00％），及烧烫伤（1．66％），初中生伤害发生率最高为24．11％，其次为高中生22．15％，小学生最低为17．63％，对受伤原因，地点，部位，伤后处理等问题也进行了分析。结论：中小学生面临意外伤害的严峻挑战，应积极采取综合防范措施，减少发生。

Epidemiological features of injuries in middle and primary schools students of Hui and Han nationalities in Ningxia

Objective To find out the present situation and causes of injuries and risk factors of accidental injuries among students and to provide evidence for prevention and reduction of accidental injuries. Methods A cluster sampling study on the situation of injuries was conducted in 21 civic middle and primary schools with 7 000 (6 19 years old) students during the December 1999 and November 2000 in Ningxia province. Results Results showed that the total rate of injuries was 20.40 % with boys higher than girls ( P < 0.01 ). Five kinds of injuries took the leading place: injuries from falls ( 9.27 %), bumps ( 4.55 %), knive cutting ( 2.99 %),traffic accidents ( 2.00 %) burns and scalds ( 1.66 %). The rate of injuries was 22.11 % in students of Hui nationality, higher than the ones in Han nationality ( 19.6 %, P < 0.025 ). The rate of injuries among junior middle school students was the highest ( 24.11 %), followed by high school students 22.15 %, and primary students 17.63 %. Causes, times, places, parts of the bodies and the treatment regarding injuries were analysed. Conclusion The challenge of accidental injuries in middle and primary school students was although serious but avoidable. Comprehensive preventive measures should be take actively and effectively.