杏鲍菇组织分离母种及培养基筛选

【目的】筛选杏鲍菇母种的最优组织分离部位及其菌丝体最适培养基，为杏鲍菇高产栽培奠定基础。【方法】分别从杏鲍菇的菌盖和菌柄相接处、菌柄中部、菌柄基部3个不同部位各切取约0．5cm^2的内部组织块，接种于PDA斜面培养；将生长的菌丝体在10种不同培养基中纯化复壮后，分别接种到麸皮综合固体培养基和黄豆粉液体培养基中，比较菌丝体的生长状况；将生长最好的菌丝体接种于10个不同培养基中，观察菌丝体的生长状况，筛选杏鲍菇母种最适培养基。【结果】在麸皮综合固体和黄豆粉液体培养基中，从菌柄中部生长的菌丝体明显优于从菌盖和菌柄相接处及菌柄基部，且三者菌丝体之间的日长速差异达显著水平。杏鲍菇母种在培养基A（马铃薯）、B（棉籽皮）、C（麸皮）、D（木屑）、E（黄豆）、G（绿豆）上的生长较好，菌丝体较密、整齐一致、颜色均一，但在C（麸皮）培养基上的生长速度最快，其次是培养基A、B。【结论】菌柄中部为杏鲍菇母种的最佳分离部位，以麸皮煮汁配制的综合培养基是生产杏鲍菇母种的较理想培养基。

Isolation of best tissue from Pleurotus eryngii and screening of optimal medium for mother mycelium culture

[ Objective ]The experiment was conducted to choose the optimal parts and culture medium type for optimal mother mycelium of Pleurotus eryngii in order to lay the foundation on its high-yield cultivation. [Method]About 0.5 cm^2 internal tissue derived from the joint of pileus and stipe, and middle part and basal part of stipe of Pleurotus eryngii were taken and inoculated to PDA slant culture. The growing mycelia were purified and cultured for rejuvenation in 10 kinds of culture media. After rejuvenation, the mycelia were inoculated to wheat bran solid culture medium and soybean meal liquid medium to compare the growth of mycelia. Finally, the mycelia with best growth were inoculated to 10 kinds of media to screen the optimal culture medium. [Result]The growth of mycelium derived from middle part of Pleurotus eryngii stipe was significantly superior than those derived from other two parts, and the growth rate of mycelia derived from different parts differed significantly. The P. eryngii mother mycelium grew well in medium A （Potato）, B（Cotton seed hull）, C（Wheat bran）, D（Wooden meal）, E（Soybean） and G （Mung bean） with dense, neat, uniform color mycelium, but the growth rate of mycelium in medium C was the highest, followed by medium A and B. [Conclusion]The middle part of stipe was the best tissue for isolation of mother mycelium and the wheat bran juice medium was the appropriate culture medium for production of Pleurotus eryngii mother mycelium.