北部湾海区几种常见牡蛎基础营养及脂肪酸成分比较分析

目的 比较分析北部湾海区常见的熊本牡蛎、香港牡蛎和近江牡蛎鲜品的基础营养成分及脂肪酸组成。方法 以北部湾海区熊本牡蛎、香港牡蛎和近江牡蛎为实验样品, 测定其水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分的含量, 并用气相色谱-质谱联用法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)测定脂肪酸组成及含量。 结果 香港牡蛎的水分含量(89.44 g/100 g)、近江牡蛎粗脂肪含量(1.09 g/100 g)和灰分含量(1.77 g/100 g)均显著高于另两种牡蛎(P<0.05), 香港牡蛎粗蛋白含量(4.59 g/100 g)显著低于另两种牡蛎(P>0.05)。熊本牡蛎和近江牡蛎含有33种脂肪酸, 而香港牡蛎为34种, 其中多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acid, PUFA)含量占41.02%~50.79%; 3种牡蛎中二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexoenoic acid, DHA)的含量占脂肪酸总量的27.13%~38.65%, 近江牡蛎(27.13%)显著低于另两种牡蛎(P<0.05)。结论 北部湾海区熊本牡蛎、香港牡蛎和近江牡蛎脂肪酸种类丰富, 与饱和脂肪酸及单不饱和脂肪酸含量所占脂肪酸总量相比, PUFA占比最高, 且以DHA和EPA为主, 具有优良的开发潜力。

Comparative analysis of basic nutrition and fatty acid composition of several common oysters in Beibugulf

Objective To analyze and compare the basic nutritional composition and fatty acid composition of Crassostrea sikamea, Crassostrea hongkongensis and Crassostrea ariakensis in Beibu gulf. Methods Crassostrea si kamea, Crassostrea hongkongensis and Crassostrea ariakensis in Beibu gulf were taken as experimental samples, the content of water, crude protein, crude fat and ash was determined and the composition and content of fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results The water content of Crassostrea hong kongensis (89.44 g/100 g), the crude fat content of Crassostrea ariakensis (1.09 g/100 g) and the ash content of Crassostrea ariakensis (1.77 g/100 g) was significantly higher than that of the other 2 oysters (P<0.05), the crude protein content of Crassostrea sikamea (4.59 g/100 g) was significantly lower than that in the other 2 oysters (P>0.05). Crassostrea sikamea and Crassostrea ariakensis contained 33 fatty acids, while Crassostrea hongkongensis had 34 fatty acids. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) accounted for 41.02%?50.79%. The content of EPA and DHA in the 3 kinds of oysters accounted for 27.13%?38.65% of total fatty acids, and the content of EPA and DHA in Crassostrea ariakensis (27.13%) was significantly lower than that in the other 2 oysters (P<0.05). Conclusion Crassostrea sikamea, Crassostrea hongkongensis and Crassostrea ariakensis in Beibu gulf are rich in fatty acids. Compared with saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids, PUFA accounts for the highest proportion of total fatty acids, and DHA and EPA are the main ones, which have excellent development potential.