经口气管插管激发和雾化激发建立哮喘小鼠模型的比较

目的　通过建模比较小鼠哮喘模型效果及稳定性，以确定建模的最佳方式。 方法　将SPF级6~8周雌性BALB/c小鼠随机分为5组：20 μg致敏雾化激发组（20-INH）、100 μg致敏雾化激发组(100-INH)、20 μg致敏经口气管插管激发组(20-ITI)、100 μg致敏经口气管插管激发组(100-ITI)、control组。所有哮喘模型组小鼠用鸡卵清蛋白（ovalbumin, OVA）致敏和激发，在0、7、14 d分别使用20 μg和100 μg致敏，在21 d开始分别给予雾化激发和经口气管插管激发，在末次激发后24 h内对小鼠行气道高反应性（airway hyperresponsiveness，AHR）检测，留取支气管肺泡灌洗液（bronchoalveolar lavage fluid，BALF）行细胞计数，左肺病理学检测，ELISA检测血清免疫球蛋白E（IgE）水平。 结果　20-INH、100-INH、100-ITI 3组的AHR、气道炎症、气道粘液高分泌、血清总IgE水平均有明显升高，其中以100-ITI组在以上各方面均较突出。经口气管插管激发哮喘模型各数据标准差低于雾化激发哮喘模型。 结论　经口气管插管激发方式能在 100 μg OVA 致敏剂量时成功建立小鼠哮喘模型，且模型气道粘液分泌量及血清总IgE水平升高更明显，该模型稳定性高，值得推荐。

Comparison of effects of atomizing inhalation and intratracheal instillation on model establishment of asthma in mice

Objective　By comparing the modeling effect and stability of the mouse asthma model, to determine the best way to model.　Methods　BALB/c female mice of SPF grade for 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into 5 groups, including 20 μg sensitized atomizing inhalation challenge group (20-INH), 100-INH group, 20 μg sensitized intratracheal instillation challenge group (20-ITI) and 100-ITI group ,control group. Mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin（OVA）to make asthmatic models . The mice were sensitized with 20 μg and 100 μg OVA on 0, 7 and 14 days respectively. From day 21, challenged by atomizing inhalation way or intratracheal instillation way. Within 24 h following the last challenge, the airway hyper responsiveness（AHR） of the mice was assessed. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was taken for cells count and the left lung were examined pathologically. ELISA was used to detect the levels of serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE).　Results　The AHR, the total cells of BALF, the eosinophil count of BALF and serum total IgE level significantly increased in the groups of 20-INH, 100-INH and 100-ITI. All asthma groups had obvious airway inflammation infiltration and high mucus secretion. Among the groups, the 100-ITI was good at showing asthma characteristics. The standard deviation of each data of the model of intratracheal instillation was lower than that of the atomizing inhalation model. Conclusions The stimulation mode of intratracheal instillation can successfully establish a mouse asthma model at the sensitizing dose of 100 μg OVA, and the increasing of the airway mucus secretion and serum total IgE are more obvious. The model has high stability and is worthy of recommendation.