素混凝土桩复合地基荷载传递机理的试验研究

为研究带有垫层的素混凝土桩复合地基中桩身轴力、桩侧摩阻力的分布及发展过程 ,设计了一组足比例尺单桩复合地基试验 ,在桩身内埋设钢弦式应力计测出了桩身轴力 ,并由此得出桩侧摩阻力。从实测结果与散体桩、无垫层带台单桩的桩身轴力、侧摩阻力分布对比分析可以看出 ,三者传力机理是不同的。与散体桩相比 ,素混凝土桩复合地基中荷载沿桩身全长传递。与无垫层带台单桩相比 ,桩侧摩阻力从加荷开始在桩周上部土层即出现负摩阻 ,使得桩身轴力最大点不在桩顶而在中性点处。带有垫层的素混凝土桩复合地基中桩侧负摩阻力的大小随荷载加大而变小 ,同时中性点位置逐渐上移 ,相当一部分上部土层的摩阻力随着荷载的加大由负摩阻力逐渐变为正摩阻力。该负摩阻力使桩从加荷开始就承担较大荷载 ,并使桩下部的摩阻力也能得到充分发挥 ,进而使桩在全过程都发挥了作用。同时 ,桩周土体的承载力也得到增强

STUDY ON LOADS TRANSFERRING MECHANISM OF COMPOSITE GROUNDS WITH CONCRETE PILES

The distribution and change of axial force of piles and pile friction in composite grounds are very important characters of composite grounds. The axial force of piles was measured by means of in situ test and on the basis of this the pile friction was worked out. Contrasted with compressible piles and compound piles, the mechanism of concrete piles is different. Contrasted with compressible piles, the loads on concrete piles can be transferred though the whole piles. Contrasted with compound piles, the concrete piles provide negative pile friction around upper piles that leads to the force of piles top is not the maximum. The maximum is at neutrality point. With loads increasing, the negative pile friction decreases and the neutrality point moves upward and part of the negative pile friction transforms into a positive pile friction. It is the pile friction that makes piles bear more loads at the beginning of loading and makes pile friction of lower piles be fully utilized. Thus the interaction between piles and surrounding soil is present in the process of loading. At the same time, the bearing capacity of soil around piles is reinforced.