儿童肺炎克雷白杆菌肺炎临床特点及耐药性分析

目的 探讨儿童肺炎克雷白杆菌肺炎的临床特点及耐药情况,为临床合理应用抗生素提供依据.方法 采集2008年12月至2010年12月我院儿科住院的下呼吸道感染患儿的痰液用Bio Merieum Vitek 2微生物分析仪进行细菌鉴定为肺炎克雷白杆菌感染,共86例患儿纳入试验,分为医院内感染/定植株组(n=68)和医院外感染株组(n=18),记录患儿的临床信息,对分离的菌株进行药敏试验,并检测超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs).结果 儿童肺炎克雷白杆菌肺炎多发生于婴儿,且多有基础疾病,与普通肺炎临床表现区别不大.肺炎克雷白杆菌β-内酰胺酶的检出率很高(76.7%),医院内感染/定植株组共64例(94.1%,64/68)检出ESBLs阳性株,医院外感染株组共检出2株(11.1%,2/18),两组间ESBLs检出率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).医院内感染/定植株组耐药性显著高于医院外感染株组,前者仅对头孢替坦、哌拉西林/三唑巴坦、碳青霉烯类、阿米卡星及环丙沙星敏感,对青霉素类、头孢菌素类及单氨类抗生素高度耐药.医院内感染/定植株组患儿平均住院时间为(15.0±7.1)d,医院外感染株组为(8.2±3.8)d,两组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 肺炎克雷白杆菌肺炎患儿多有基础疾病,且多见于婴儿,临床表现不典型.ESBLs阳性肺炎克雷白杆菌的多重耐药问题相当严重,尤其是对四代头孢菌素耐药性的增加应引起我们的高度重视.对于医院内感染和医院外感染患儿在抗生素的选择上应区别对待.

Analysis on clinical manifestations and drug resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia in children

Objective To determine the clinical features of Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia and antimicrobial resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae, providing the basis for rational use of antibiotics. Methods Eighty-six strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from the sputum specimen which collected from the inpatients in our hospital from Dec 2008 to Dec 2010,which were identified with Bio Merieum Vitek 2. A total of 86 children were enrolled in the study, which were divided into hospital infection/colonization group (n = 68) and community infection group (n = 18). Clinical information were recorded. Extended spectum β-lactamase (ESBLs) and antibiotic susceptibility of Klebsiella pneumoniae were determined. Results Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia in children mainly occured in infants, especially in infants with basic diseases.Clinical manifestations of Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia had no much difference from common pneumonia. The detection rate of ESBLs was high(76. 7%). ESBLs were found in 64 strains of the hospital infection/colonization group (94. 1% ,64/68) ,while in 2 strains of the community infection group (11. 1% ,2/18).There was a significant difference between the two groups (P ＜0. 01). The drug resistance of hospital infection/colonization group was significantly higher than that of community infection group. The strains of hospital infection/colonization group were sensitive with cefotan, piperacillin/tazobactam, carberpenem, amikacin and ciprofioxacin only, while were highly resistant to penicillins, cephalosporins and monoamine antibiotics.The average hospital stay of the hospital infection/colonization group was (15.0 ± 7. 1) d, while the other was (8. 2 ± 3. 8) d. There was a very significant difference between the two groups in average length of stay (P＜0.01). Conclusion Klebsieila pneumoniae pneumonia in children mainly occurs in infants with basic diseases. The symptoms are untypical. Klebsiella pneurmoniae multi-drug resistance is a serious problem,which must be paid attention to. We should make a difference between the two groups when antibiotics were prescribed.