运输系统中的危险辨识及其安全控制

笔者将运输系统的危险分为两类 :固有危险、变动危险 ;并给出两类危险的定义 ;对构成两类危险的因子进行了深入的讨论 ;提出辨识运输系统两类危险的基本方法 ,即静态辨识法和动态辨识法 ;对两种方法的应用范围及条件进行了初步界定。在对运输系统进行危险辨识的基础上 ,就如何运用控制论的理论与方法解决运输系统的安全控制问题进行探讨 ;提出系统安全状况的恶化实际上是系统中危险因素失控的结果。保证系统安全的核心任务是对系统危险因子进行控制。就运输系统而言 ,对系统变动危险因子的控制要比固有危险系统困难。

Risk Recognition and Its Control in Transportation System

The risks in the transportation system might be categorized into two kinds, the intrinsic risk and the variable risk. The factors composing these two risks were discussed in detail. Two recognizing methods, the static and dynamic methods, were put forward, of which the application areas and conditions were preliminarily defined. On this basis, how to refer the cybernetics theory and method to control risks in transportation system was described. It was found that the worsening of the safety situation in system actually was due to the risk factors were out of control. So the critical duty to ensure system safety would be to well control the risk factors. In fact, for the transportation system, it would be far more difficult to control the variable risk factors than the intrinsic risk factors.