广西农村地区壮族儿童青少年龋病流行病学调查及影响因素研究

目的 了解广西农村地区壮族儿童青少年龋齿状况及其影响因素。方法 2019年4—6月对广西农村地区1 442名壮族儿童青少年进行龋齿流行病学状况调查,采用检验和logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果 广西农村地区壮族儿童青少年患龋率为51.94%; 男生50.20%,女生53.75%,相比较无统计学意义(=0.59,P>0.05)。刷牙开始年龄＜3岁及从不刷牙儿童青少年患龋比例较高,每天刷牙次数≥2次者患龋率最低,差异有统计学意义(=29.92、40.76,P＜0.01); 巧克力或糖果≥2次/天者患龋率最高,酸汤0次/天者患龋率最高,刷牙后睡前吃东西4～7次/周者患龋率也最高,差异有统计学意义(=8.82、7.78、24.76,P＜0.05); 认为含氟牙膏的无益处者患龋率最高,认为刷牙时出血正常现象者患龋率最高,差异有统计学意义(=10.10、28.21,P＜0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,与代养人为其他者相比,代养人为母亲(OR=0.45,95%CI:0.25～0.81)、祖父母(OR=0.55,95%CI:0.34～0.92); 与每天从不刷牙者相比,每周刷牙1～6次及以上者(OR=0.47,95%CI:0.25～0.91); 认为含氟牙膏有作用者(OR=2.71,95%CI:1.48～4.99),对龋病的发生起保护作用(P均小于0.05)。食用甜品类型为含糖饮料(OR=0.30,95%CI:0.11～0.78)、蛋糕或饼干等甜点(OR=0.33,95%CI:0.17～0.68)者是龋病发生的危险因素(P均小于0.05)。结论 广西农村地区壮族儿童青少年患龋率较高,且受到代养人、食用甜品类型、食用甜品次数、刷牙后睡前吃东西、刷牙开始年龄、每天刷牙次数、含氟牙膏的作用、是否用含氟牙膏等因素影响。

Epidemiological investigation and influencing factors of dental caries among children and adolescents of Zhuang People in rural areas of Guangxi

Objective To understand the status of dental caries and its influencing factors in children and adolescents of Zhuang people in rural areas of Guangxi. Methods From April to June 2019, a survey of the epidemiological status of dental caries in 1 442 children and adolescents of Zhuang people in rural areas of Guangxi was carried out, and the influencing factors were analyzed by test and Logistic regression analysis. Results The prevalence of dental caries among children and adolescents of Zhuang people in rural areas of Guangxi was 51.94%, including 50.20% for boys and 53.75% for girls, which was not statistically significant(=0.59, P>0.05). Children and adolescents who start brushing ＜ 3 years old and never brush their teeth had higher proportions of caries, and those who brush their teeth ≥ 2 times a day had the lowest caries rate, and the difference was statistically significant(=29.92, 40.76, P＜0.01). Consuming chocolate or candies ≥ 2 times a day indicated the highest caries rate, sour soup 0 times a day had the highest caries rate as well, after brushing teeth while preceding going to bed eating 4 to 7 times a week also had the highest caries rate, the difference was statistically significant(=8.82, 7.78, 24.76, P＜0.05). Regarding the fluoride toothpaste as non-beneficial had the highest caries rate, and the caries rate was the highest among those who thought that the normal bleeding during brushing was ubiquitous, and the difference was statistically significant(=10.10, 28.21, P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that compared within the surrogates, the surrogates were mothers(OR=0.45, 95%CI: 0.25-0.81), grandparents(OR=0.55, 95%CI: 0.34-0.92), compared with those who never brushed their teeth every day, brushed their teeth 1 to 6 times a week or more(OR=0.47, 95%CI: 0.25-0.91), those who thought that fluoride toothpaste had a positive role(OR=2.71, 95%CI: 1.48-4.99), revealed protection in the occurrence of caries(P＜0.05). Consuming sugar-sweetened beverages(OR=0.30, 95%CI: 0.11-0.78)and desserts such as cakes and biscuits(OR=0.33, 95%CI: 0.17-0.68)was a risk factor for caries(P＜0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of dental caries among children and adolescents of Zhuang people in rural areas of Guangxi is relatively high, and risk factors include support from surrogates, types of desserts, number of desserts eaten, eating before bed after brushing, age at which brushing starts, number of brushing times per day, effect of fluoride toothpaste, and whether to use it or not.