贵州省妇幼健康人力资源配置公平性研究

目的 对2016—2020年贵州省妇幼健康人力资源配置现状及公平性进行分析，为优化资源配置，提高妇幼健康服务水平提供科学依据。 方法 采用卫生资源密度指数、洛伦茨曲线、基尼系数和泰尔指数从人口、地理维度评价2016—2020年贵州省妇幼健康人力资源配置的公平性。 结果 妇幼保健机构卫生人员年均增长13.13%。本科以上学历卫技人员比例从40.16%升至55.93%。各类资源密度指数值均呈上升趋势。按人口和地理面积配置的基尼系数分别界于0.136～0.474和0.233～0.523之间。区域内泰尔指数均大于区域间，区域内差异贡献率基本超过86%。 结论 贵州省妇幼健康人力资源总量逐步增长，人员素质逐步提高，综合配置水平不断提升，人口配置公平性优于地理面积配置公平性，但同时存在学历、职称结构较不合理，经济水平较弱地区及少数民族地区资源综合配置水平较弱，偏远山区资源配置公平性较差，公平性差异主要来源于区域内等问题，建议政府积极推进妇幼健康人力资源配置的“扩容提质”和“平衡布局”。

Study on the fairness of maternal and child health human resources allocation in Guizhou Province

Objective To analyze the current situation and fairness of human resources allocation for maternal and child health in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2020, to provide reference for optimizing resource allocation and improving maternal and child health service level. Methods The health resource density index, Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient, and Theil index were used to evaluate the equity of human resources allocation for maternal and child health in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2020 from population and geographical dimensions. Results The average annual increase of health personnel in maternal and child health institutions was 13.13%. The proportion of medical technicians with a bachelor’s degree or above increased from 40.16% to 55.93%. The density index values of all kinds of resources showed an increasing trend. The Gini coefficients of population and geographic area ranged from 0.136 to 0.474 and from 0.233 to 0.523, respectively. The Theil index within the region was greater than that between regions, and the difference contribution rate within the region was more than 86%. Conclusion The total amount of human resources for maternal and child health in Guizhou Province has increased gradually, the quality of personnel has improved gradually, and the comprehensive allocation level has been improved continuously. The fairness of population allocation is better than that of geographical area allocation. However, there are problems such as unreasonable educational and professional title structure, poor comprehensive allocation of resources in areas with low economic level and ethnic minority areas, and poor fairness of resources allocation in remote mountainous areas. It is suggested that the government actively promote the “capacity expansion and quality improvement” and “balanced layout” of human resources allocation for maternal and child health.