营养不良风险与学龄前儿童睡眠问题的关联研究

目的 探讨学龄前儿童营养不良风险与睡眠问题发生风险的关系。方法 通过整群抽样，以合肥市5896名3～5岁学龄前儿童为研究对象，利用家长问卷收集人口学特征和生活方式、儿童睡眠习惯问卷评价睡眠问题、全球饮食质量评分评估营养不良风险。采用多因素logistic回归分析营养不良风险、食物摄入频率与睡眠问题发生风险的关系。结果 本研究中营养不良中、高风险的儿童占目标人群的49.2%、25.0%，平均睡眠时长不达标、总体睡眠质量不良的发生率为56.5%、8.9%。与营养不良风险高风险组比，中风险组和低风险组的睡眠质量不良（中风险组:OR=0.60，95%CI:0.49～0.74；低风险组:OR=0.44，95%CI:0.34～0.58）、睡眠时长不达标（中风险组:OR=0.83，95%CI:0.73～0.94；低风险组:OR=0.61，95%CI:0.52～0.70）发生风险均显著降低。动物血制品（OR=0.79，95%CI:0.64～0.98）、红黄色蔬菜（OR=0.91,95%CI:0.85～0.98）、奶及奶制品（OR=0.91,95%CI:0.86～0.97）摄入频率增加，糖类（OR=1.28,95%CI:1.14～1.44）和含糖饮料（OR=1.27,95%CI:1.12～1.45）摄入频率降低与睡眠问题发生率减少有关。结论 学龄前儿童营养不良风险更低与睡眠质量更好相关，提示改善饮食质量可能促进学龄前儿童睡眠。

Association between the risk of malnutrition and sleep disorders in preschoolers

Objective A discussion on the relationship between the risk of malnutrition and sleep disorders in preschoolers. Methods Preschoolers aged from 3 to 5 in several kindergartens in Hefei were chosen as the target group for the research by cluster sampling. Questionnaires were handed out to their parents for collection of the demographic features and lifestyles of the children. Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire was used for determination of sleep disorders in the target group while the Global Diet Quality Score was used for evaluation of malnutrition risks, with reference to the basic state of health of these children. Logistic regression analysis was used for analysis on the relationship between sleep disorders, malnutrition, and the frequency of food intake. Results 49.2% and 25.0% of all the children in the target group were exposed to medium and high risks of malnutrition, with an average of 56.5% probability to have sleeping hours either too long or too short, and an 8.9% probability to have low sleep quality. As malnutrition risks fell, probability of sleep disorders also tended to drop. Compared with those exposed to high malnutrition risks, children exposed to medium and low malnutrition risks had significantly lower probability for low sleep quality (Medium risk group: OR=0.60, 95%CI: 0.49-0.74; Low risk group: OR=0.44, 95%CI: 0.34-0.58) and abnormal sleeping hours (Medium risk group: OR=0.83, 95%CI: 0.73-0.94; Low risk group: OR=0.61, 95%CI:0.52-0.70). High frequency of coagulated animal blood (OR=0.79,95%CI:0.64-0.98) or red and yellow vegetables (OR=0.91,95%CI:0.85-0.98) and dairy products intake (OR=0.91,95%CI:0.86-0.97) had a correlation with lower probability of sleep disorders. High frequency of sugar (OR=1.28, 95%CI:1.14-1.44) and sugary drinks intake (OR=1.27, 95%CI:1.12-1.45) had a correlation with higher risk of sleep disorders. Conclusion Lower malnutrition risks are correlated with higher sleep quality for preschoolers, indicating that improvement in food quality could be conducive to better sleep for children.