典型固体可燃物燃烧沉积物微观形貌特征的研究

利用火灾现场中燃烧物沉积物所特有的火灾原始信息,可以帮助火灾调查人员准确辨识与鉴别起火部位或起火点附近可燃物分部情况,辅助判断初始起火材料和起火部位的特点,通过燃烧模拟试验,开展了木材、化纤织物、棉织物、PVC制品、聚氨酯泡沫等常见固体可燃物燃烧沉积物微观形貌特征研究。首先,利用SEM 分析了不同材料沉积物中粒子分布、微观形貌等结构性差异。接着,进行了颗粒物的形貌学测量和组成成分测定。最终,得到了样本的量化差异特征。研究结果表明:5种固体可燃材料燃烧沉积物存在结构性差异,但并不显著;对组成粒子进行的形貌学测量和成分测定,可以量化区分材料属性。该方法可以为建立火灾现场起火部位可燃材料的燃烧时序性提供技术支持。

Microstructure characteristics of typical solid combustible sediments

The original information of the combustible sediments at the fire scene can help fire investigators identify the fuel distribution in or near the origin of fire precisely to estimate the materials that catch fire initially and the characteristics of the fire site. Based on the combustion simulation experiments, the microstructure characteristics of typical solid combustible sediments are studied, including woods, chemical fiber fabrics, cotton fabrics, PVC products, and polyurethane foams. Firstly, the structural differences of particle distribution and microstructure in sediments are analyzed by SEM. Then, the morphology and composition of the particles are measured. Finally, the quantitative difference characteristics of samples are obtained. The result shows structural differences in the combustion sediments of 5 solid combustible materials, but not significant. The morphological measurement and composition determination of combustion sediment particles can be used to distinguish material properties quantitatively. This method can provide technical support for establishing the combustion sequence of combustible materials at fire site.