急性心肌梗死PCI术后患者基于5A模式的早期心脏康复护理

目的探讨基于5A模式的早期心脏康复护理在急性心肌梗死(AMI)行经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)患者中的应用效果。方法按住院时间先后将诊断为AMI并急诊行PCI治疗的88例患者分为对照组43例、观察组45例。对照组给予常规治疗和护理;观察组在常规治疗和护理的基础上,给予基于5A模式的早期心脏康复护理干预。比较两组干预后2周和1个月的生活自理能力、康复锻炼依从性,以及两组干预后1个月左心室射血分数值、6 min步行距离、冠心病自我管理能力及术后心血管不良事件发生率。结果干预后观察组左心室射血分数值、6 min步行距离、生活自理能力得分,术后康复锻炼依从性、冠心病自我管理能力得分显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);观察组术后心原性休克、冠状动脉再狭窄、心律失常、心力衰竭发生率与对照组比较差异无统计学差异(均P>0.05),但心绞痛发生率显著降低(P<0.05)。结论基于5A模式的早期心脏康复护理可提高术后患者康复锻炼依从性,改善患者心功能,增强运动耐量,提高自理能力,并提高冠心病患者自我管理能力。

Early cardiac rehabilitation nursing based on 5 A mode for patients with acute myocardial infarction treated by percutaneous coronary intervention

Objective To explore the effect of early cardiac rehabilitation nursing based on 5A mode for patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)after receiving percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A total of 88 patients with AMI undergoing radial artery PCI were divided into a control group(43 cases)and an intervention group(45 cases)based on the chronological order of admission dates.The control group was given routine nursing,while the intervention group was given early cardiac rehabilitation nursing based on 5A mode.Self-care ability and compliance with rehab exercise measured at 2 weeks and 1 month into the intervention,as well as left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),6-minute walking distance(6 MWD),self-management ability of coronary heart disease measured at 1 month into the intervention and the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events were compared between the two groups.Results LVEF,6 MWD,self-care ability scores,post-PCI rehab exercise compliance,and coronary heart di-sease self-management scores in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01);there were no significant differences in incidence rates of cardiogenic shock,restenosis of coronary artery,arrhythmia and heart failure between the two groups(P>0.05 for all).The incidence rate of angina pectoris in intervention group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion Early cardiac rehabilitation nursing based on 5A mode can increase post-PCI rehab exercise compliance of patients with AMI,improve their cardiac function and exercise tolerance and self-care ability,and improve self-management ability.