道路营运新能源汽车减碳测算

测算车辆运行碳排放，包括燃料消耗直接碳排放与电能利用间接碳排放。基于质量平衡法得出各种燃料的碳排放系数，基于火力发电煤耗量提出纯电动汽车间接CO₂排放计算方法。采集车辆运营数据与能耗数据，计算出各运输类型与各能源类型车辆CO₂年度排放量，得出电动车辆替代传统燃料车辆后的CO₂减排率。发现除大型柴油公交及中短途城际运输车辆外，电动汽车均有明显减碳效果，小型城市配送车辆减碳率最高，达48.62%。预测火电占比降低及火力发电煤耗量降低后电动汽车的碳减排量，相对于2016年，2020年将再减碳7.07%。

Calculation of Carbon Reduction for New Energy Vehicles in Road Transportation

Carbon emission from vehicle driving is calculated, including direct carbon emission by fuel consumption and indirect carbon emission by electric energy utilization. The carbon emission coefficient of various fuels is derived based on the mass balance method, the indirect CO₂ emission calculation method of electric vehicles is proposed based on the coal consumption of thermal power generation. The vehicle operation and energy consumption data are collected, the annual CO₂ emissions of all types of transportation and energy vehicles calculated, and the CO₂ emission reduction rate is calculated by replacing traditional petrol vehicles with electric vehicles. It is found that except for large diesel buses and medium and short distance intercity transport vehicles, electric vehicles have obvious carbon reduction effect in all fields. The carbon reduction rate of city distribution light duty vehicles is the highest, reaching 48.62%. It is predicted that the carbon emission reduction rate of electricity vehicles will be 7.07% in 2020 compared with 2016 after the reduction of thermal power share and coal consumption of thermal power generation.