2013~2017年北京地区儿童急性喉炎就诊特点及其与气象因素和空气污染物的相关性研究

目的 探讨北京地区儿童急性喉炎的发病特点及其与气象和环境等影响因素的相关性。 方法 收集2013~2017年在首都儿科研究所耳鼻喉科门诊就诊的急性喉炎患儿的年龄、性别以及诊断用药等相关信息,分析5年间北京市儿童急性喉炎就诊特点,并与同期北京市气象数据(平均气温、平均气压、平均相对湿度、平均风速)及主要环境污染物数据(PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂、CO、O₃)进行对比,应用SPSS 20.0统计软件进行分析。 结果 2013~2017年于我院耳鼻喉科门诊就诊的急性喉炎患儿共计3 286例次,男女性别比例约为2∶1;好发于4岁(含4岁)以下儿童(占69.42%),其中,1岁至2岁患儿就诊例次最多,8岁后趋于稳定,且性别差异不再明显。5年门诊就诊量分别是854、662、790、574及406例次,总体呈逐年下降趋势,与PM_2.5、PM₁₀逐年下降趋势相似;但5年的季节特点、就诊的高峰季和低谷季、高峰月和低谷月均不统一;急性喉炎季节就诊量与每季PM_2.5、CO有显著正相关关系(r值分别为0.490,0.547, P<0.05),与平均气温、平均气压、平均相对湿度、平均风速及PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂、O₃值无显著相关关系。 结论 北京地区儿童急性喉炎发病有着明显的年龄规律和性别差异,并呈逐年下降趋势,季就诊量与平均PM_2.5、CO有显著正相关性。

Research on visit characteristics of children with acute laryngitis in Beijing between 2013 and 2017 and the correlation of the visit characteristics with meteorological factors and air pollutants

Objective This study aimed to assess the visit characteristics of children with acute laryngitis in Beijing and the correlation of the visit characteristics with meteorological parameters and air pollutants. Methods Information pertaining to children with acute laryngitis who were treated at the ear, nose, and throat(ENT)department of Capital Institute of Pediatrics between 2013 and 2017, including age, gender, diagnoses, medications, and so on was collected; the visit characteristics of children with acute laryngitis in Beijing during those five years were analyzed, and those characteristics and the meteorological parameters, such as average air temperature, average air pressure, average relative humidity, and average wind speed, as well as major environmental pollutants(PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, CO, O₃)in Beijing during the study period. The SPSS 20.0 statistical package program was used to analyze the data. Results The ENT department of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics treated a total of 3 286 children with acute laryngitis between 2013 and 2017, and the male/female ratio was about 2∶1; children with acute laryngitis were commonly younger than 4 years of age(69.42%); of those children, those aged 1-2 years accounted for the largest proportion in terms of department visits, and the incidence tended to decrease gradually with age; after the age of 8 years, the incidence plateaued, and the gender differences were not evident. The number of department visits during those five years was 854, 662, 790, 574, and 406, respectively, showing a decreasing trend year by year, which was similar to the decreasing trends of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀; however, the seasonal characteristics, peak and valley seasons of department visits, and peak and valley months were all different in those years; there was a significant correlation between the seasonal visits and average PM_2.5 and CO(r value: 0.490, 0.547, respectively; P<0.05), but there was no significant correlation between the seasonal visits and meteorological factors(average air temperature, average air pressure, average relative humidity, and average wind speed), as well as the major environmental pollutants(PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, O₃); there was also no significant correlation between daily or monthly visits and daily or monthly average values of those parameters. Conclusion Evident age patterns and gender differences were noted among children with acute laryngitis in Beijing, and the incidence tended to decrease gradually with age; there was a significant correlation between the seasonal visits and average PM_2.5 and CO.