北京市昌平区32家中小型家具制造企业职业病危害调查

目的了解北京市昌平区中小型家具制造企业工作场所存在的职业病危害因素及其对作业工人健康的影响。方法对该区32家家具制造企业人员构成、生产班次、工艺流程、有毒原材料使用情况、防护设施、个人防护用品和主要职业病危害因素进行现场调查；对各企业工作场所存在的粉尘、苯系化合物和噪声进行检测、评价；对335名粉尘、苯系化合物和噪声作业工人进行职业健康检查。结果粉尘作业工人体检未发现尘肺病表现，肺通气功能障碍检出率为4．3％；苯系化合物作业工人神经衰弱综合征检出率12．9％；血象异常检出率14．9％；噪声作业工人听力损失检出率65．6％，且作业工龄〈5a阳性检出率较高。工作场所检测超标情况和职业健康检查阳性结果一致。结论该区中小型家具制造企业存在的职业病危害不容忽视，有效的工程防护是预防职业健康损害的关键措施，应将作业工龄〈5a的工人作为重点人群加强职业健康监护，在超标作业环境中操作必须配备有效的个体防护用品并正确使用。

Investigation of the Occupational Hazards in 32 Medium and Small Furniture Enterprises in Changping District of Beijing

[ Objective] To understand the occupational hazards in the medium and small furniture enterprises in Changping District and its influence on the workers＇ health. [ Methods ] Field investigation was carried out on the personnel constitution, production shifts, technological processes, service conditions of toxic raw materials, preventive facilities, individual protective articles and major occupational hazards in the 32 enterprises; detection and assessment were conducted on the dust, benzene compound and noise in the workplaces; physical examination was conducted on 335 workers who were exposed to dust, benzene compounds and noise. [ Results] No pneumoconiosis manifestations were found among the dust-exposed workers, the detection rate of pulmonary ventilation disorder was 4.3% ; the detection rates of neurasthenic syndrome and hemogram abnormity among the benzene-exposed workers was 12.9% and 14.9% respectively; the detection rate of hearing impairment among the noise-exposed workers was 65.6% , the detection rate was high among the workers with the work length of less then 5 years; the standard exceeding rate accorded with the positive rate in the occupational physical examination. [ Conclusion] The occupational hazards in the medium and small furniture enterprises shouldnt be ignored; effective protection should be enhanced, especially among the workers with the work length of less than 5 years; individual protective facilities is a must in the working environment that exceeds the standard.