湖南省雨滴谱仪与常规降水观测对比分析

湖南省97个国家气象站自2017年开始陆续安装了雨滴谱仪，2018年1月1日起进行平行观测。为分析评估其探测降水量的准确性，选取湖南省12个国家站2018年雨滴谱仪观测资料和自动站翻斗雨量计小时降水资料，从总体观测误差、不同降水量级下观测误差和累积降水量观测误差3个方面进行对比分析，结果表明：（1）雨滴谱仪小时降水量和翻斗雨量计小时降水量存在显著的相关性，R2平均为0.94，其中南岳站R2最低为0.90，浏阳站R2最高为0.98，12个站的小时降水量绝对偏差均值为0.34mm；（2）当小时降水量Rh<1.0mm时，各站雨滴谱仪降水量较翻斗雨量计降水量平均偏大0.05mm，且平均差值绝对值均在0.2mm以下；当1.0mm≤Rh<2.6mm时，大部分站点雨滴谱降水量均大于或与翻斗雨量计降水量相当；当2.6mm≤Rh<5.0mm时，株洲和南岳站雨滴谱降水量较翻斗雨量计降水量明显偏小，武冈和娄底站雨滴谱仪降水量则明显偏高；当5.0mm≤Rh<8.0mm时，除株洲和南岳站外，其它各站雨滴谱降水量均大于或与翻斗雨量计降水量相当；当8.0mm≤Rh<16.0mm 时，除株洲和南岳站雨滴谱仪降水量偏小外，其他各站雨滴谱仪降水量均较翻斗雨量计降水量偏大；当Rh≥16.0mm时，雨滴谱仪降水量偏差明显变大，平均偏差绝对值达到3.570mm；（3）雨滴谱仪累计降水量和翻斗雨量计累计降水量变化趋势基本一致，除汨罗和南岳站外，雨滴谱仪累计降水量常表现为偏多。通过分析可见，湖南省雨滴谱仪雨量观测有较好可靠性，可为强降水监测预警、人工影响天气及降水数据订正等提供数据支撑。

Comparative analysis of precipitation detected by laser disdrometer and rain gauge in Hunan Province

Laser distrometers were equipped in 97 national meteorological stations in Hunan from 2017, and were used in parallel observation from January 1, 2018. The precipitation data of 12 meteorological stations by the dstrometers and rain gauges in 2018 are collected to evaluate the errors of the observed precipitation of distrometers in total, in different precipitation grades and in cumulation precipitation. The results show that: (1) A significant correlation is found between the precipitation observed from disdrometers and rain gauges with an average R2 of 0.94, which is a minimum of 0.90 in Nanyue station and a maximum of 0.98 in Liuyang station. The mean absolute deviation is as low as 0.34 mm. (2)When the hourly precipitation is less than 1.0mm, the precipitation observed by disdrometers is 0.05mm higher than which observed by rain gauges in average, and the absolute value of average errors is lower than 0.2 mm; when the hourly precipitation is between 2.6 mm and 1.0 mm, the precipitation observed by disdrometers almost equals to that observed by rain gauge in most of the stations but in Zhuzhou and Nanyue stations; when the hourly precipitation is between 5.0 mm and 8.0 mm, besides in Zhuzhou and Nanyue stations, the precipitation observed by disdrometers is more than that observed by rain gauges; When the hourly precipitation is more than 16.0 mm, the errors increase obviously between precipitation observed by distrometer and rain gauge, and the average error reaches 3.570 mm. (3) A similar trend is demonstrated between the cumulation precipitation observed by distrometers and rain gauges, and the distrometers have more cumulation precipitation aside from Miluo and Nanyue stations. The analysis leads to a conclusion that the precipitation observed by distrometer in Hunan is reliable, which could provide data support for Heavy Precipitation monitoring and warning, artificial weather modification and precipitation data correction.