基于超级电容的新能源惯量-阻尼-电抗综合模拟控制方案

光伏、风电等新能源发电大规模接入电网逐步替代传统同步机，导致电网惯量和阻尼水平不断下降，威胁电网安全稳定运行。针对上述问题，提出了一种基于超级电容的新能源惯量?阻尼?电抗综合模拟控制(composite inertia-damping-impedance emulation control, IDIE)方案。通过联立同步机转子运动方程和超级电容功率动态方程，并结合同步机功率传输方程，设计了通过控制超级电容有功功率以综合模拟同步机旋转质量、阻尼绕组和绕组电抗三者物理特性的核心算法。并利用小信号稳定性分析对方案关键参数进行优化。最后，基于控制器硬件在环试验在各种暂态工况下对IDIE方案进行了评估。结果表明，IDIE方案在灵活模拟同步机惯量的同时，可通过配置优化模拟阻尼和模拟电抗，保障频率稳定性，支撑电网动态运行。

Composite inertia-damping-impedance emulation control scheme for renewable energy sources based on supercapacitor

Photovoltaic, wind power and other renewable energy sources are connected to the power grid on a large scale, gradually replacing the traditional synchronous generators, resulting in a continuous decline in the inertia and damping level. This threatens the safe and stable operation of the grid. In response to this problem, a composite inertia-damping-impedance emulation control (IDIE) scheme based on a supercapacitor is proposed. By combining the swing equation, the power transmission equation of a synchronous generator and the power dynamic equation of a supercapacitor, a core algorithm is designed to control the active power of the supercapacitor to emulate the physical properties of the synchronous generator rotating mass, damping winding and winding impedance. The key parameters of the scheme are also optimized by small signal stability analysis. Finally, the IDIE scheme is evaluated in various transient conditions based on the controller-hardware-in-the-loop test. The results show that the IDIE scheme can ensure frequency stability and support the dynamic operation of the grid by configuring and optimizing simulated damping and impedance and flexibly simulating the inertia of the synchronous generator at the same time.