494 例食管腺鳞癌临床特征和治疗分析*

目的:探讨食管腺鳞癌（esophageal adenosquamous carcinoma，EASC）的临床特征、治疗方式及预后，加深对EASC的认识。方法:494 例EASC患者均来自河南省食管癌重点开放实验室50万例食管癌和贲门癌临床信息资料库，其中男性361 例，平均年龄（61.47± 8.32）岁；女性133 例，平均年龄（65.56± 8.06）岁。采用SPSS21.0 软件进行各组间差异分析，寿命表法计算5 年生存率，运用线性回归分析比较不同时间段高低发区发生率的关系。结果:本组资料同期EASC检出率为0.196%（494/ 251 707），男性EASC明显多于女性（男:女= 2.7 1 :1）；男性和女性高发年龄段均为60～69岁（39.6% vs . 40.6%）。 男性患者发病率呈下降趋势（R2=0.063），而女性呈上升趋势（R2= 0.004）。 此外，食管癌低发区EASC发生率明显高于高发区（53.1% vs. 46.9% ，P < 0.001）。 参照食管癌TNM 分期标准，Ⅱ期与Ⅲ期患者居多，均占40.8%（173/ 424）；淋巴结阳性转移率为47.0%（206/ 438），淋巴结阳性转移枚数以1～2 个居多，阳性率为48.5%（100/ 206）。 此外，行术前活检病理467 例中，术前正确诊断率仅53.96%（252/ 467）。 治疗方式以单纯手术为主，占88.8%（419/ 472），单纯放疗化疗者仅占1.9%（9/ 472）。 不吸烟不饮酒男性患者5 年生存率比单纯吸烟男性者高（26.5% vs . 12.1%）；Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ+ Ⅳ期患者行单纯手术治疗后3 年生存率依次为64.7% 、50.9% 、48.5% ；而3 个TNM 分期患者手术+ 放化疗后3 年生存率依次为51.7% 、47.8% 、33.1% 。结论:EASC是食管恶性肿瘤中罕见的类型，术前活检病理诊断误诊率高，吸烟影响患者预后，EASC者易发生淋巴结转移，单纯手术治疗效果较其他治疗方式好。 

Analysis of the clinical characteristics and treatment of 494 cases of esophageal adeno-squamous carcinoma

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, treatments, and survival of patients with esophageal adeno-squamous carcinoma (EASC). Methods:A total of 494 patients with EASC were selected from the clinical information databases of 500, 000 cases with esophageal and gastric cardiac carcinomas in the Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research. Among the 494 EASC cases, 361 were males with an average age of 61.47 ± 8.32 years, and 133 were females with an average age of 65.56 ± 8.06 years. SPSS 21.0 software was applied to determine the statistical differences among the different groups. A life-table method was also used to calculate the five-year survival rate. A linear regression model was used to analyze the correlation of changes at different peri-ods. Results:The incidence of EASC in our database was 0.196%(494/251707). EASC occurred predominantly in male patients (male:female=2.71:1.00). The peak age was within 60-69 years in both males and females (39.6%vs. 40.6%). Notably, the incidence of male patients showed a downward trend (R2=0.063), whereas that of female patients showed an upward trend (R2=0.004). The prevalence of EASC was obviously higher in low-incidence areas for esophageal cancer than in high-incidence areas (53.1%vs. 46.9%, P<0.001). Ac-cording to the TNM staging criteria for esophageal cancer, phases II and III patients comprised the majority of cases, which accounted for 40.8%(173/424). The positive lymph node metastasis rate was 47.0%(206/438), and the number of positive lymph node metasta-ses ranged within 1-2 (48.5%, 100/206). In addition, preoperative biopsy was performed in 467 cases, and more than half of the pa-tients (53.96%, 252/467) were diagnosed before the operation. Surgical resection was the predominant treatment method for EASC (88.8%, 419/472). Only 1.9%patients (9/472) underwent radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The five-year survival rate of male patients who were neither smoking nor drinking of alcohol was higher than that of male smokers (26.5%vs. 12.1%). In patients with stagesⅠ,Ⅱ, andⅢ+Ⅳcarcinomas with surgery as lone treatment, the three-year survival rates were 64.7%, 50.9%, and 48.5%, respectively. Correspondingly, these rates were 51.7%, 47.8%, and 33.1%after adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Conclusion:EASC is a rare type of esophageal malignant tumor. The preoperative biopsy pathological diagnosis has high misdiagnosis rate. Smoking and drinking of alcohol can influence the prognosis of patients. In EASC patients, lymph node metastasis easily occurs, and a simple surgery is bet-ter than other cancer treatments.