梅州市2010-2011年手足口病病原学流行特征分析

目的 了解梅州市手足口病病原学流行情况,为手足口病控制和治疗提供科学依据.方法 对2010-2011年梅州市手足口病哨点病原学监测医院的手足口病病例采集粪便标本,提取标本中的核酸,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法扩增病毒的特异性片段,检测总肠道病毒、EV71和CoxA16核酸.结果 255份手足口病临床诊断病例的粪便标本中,总肠道病毒、EV71和CoxA 16病毒核酸检出率分别为72.55％、40.39％和11.37％,其中EV71和CoxA16核酸检出率差异有统计学意义(x2=55.97,P＜0.01).发病以5-7月高发,占48.65％,有较明显的季节性分布.男性总肠道病毒核酸检出率高于女性(x2=10.24,P＜0.01),但不同性别间的EV71和CoxA16病毒核酸检出率差异均无统计学意义(x2=0.01、0.69,均P＞0.05).结论 EV71是梅州市2010-2011年手足口病的主要病原体.今后应加强手足口病流行特征和病原谱的动态研究,以进一步掌握手足口病流行规律.

Epidemic characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Meizhou city from 2010 to 2011

Objective To investigate the epidemic characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease （HFMD） in Meizhou city and to provide scientific basis for HFMD control and treatment. Methods Stool samples from the sentinel surveillance hospitals were collected in Meizhou city from 2010 to 2011. The total intestinal virus, EV71 and CoxA16 nucleic acid were examined by real-time RT-PCR. Results 255 stool samples were collected.The detection rate of the total intestinal virus, EV71 and CoxA16 was 72.55%, 40.39%, and 11.37%, respectively. The difference in EV71 and CoxA16 nucleic acid detection rate was significant （χ2=55.97,P0.01）. The peak incidence was between May and July.The detection rate of the total intestinal virus in the male subjects was higher than the female. However, the detection rate of EV71 and CoxA16 in the male subjects was similar to the female subjects （P 0.05）. Conclusion EV71 was the major epidemic pathogens causing HFMD in Meizhou city from 2010 to 2011.We should strengthen the monitoring of HFMD, and further study the epidemic characteristics of HFMD.