南海瑞雷面波群速度层析成像及其地球动力学意义

南海处于欧亚板块、 菲律宾海板块、 太平洋板块和印度-澳大利亚板块的交汇处, 其地质和构造作用十分复杂．通过面波群速度成像, 给出了南海及邻区的三维横波速度分布并分析了其地球动力学意义．南海西部和南部新布设的地震台站使得利用单台法时路径覆盖比过去更好. 特别是在华南地区, 新的台站分布能够弥补该地区地震少且台站少造成的射线密度不够的缺点． 首先运用多重滤波法得到南海周边48个台站周期为14——130 s范围内的基阶瑞雷波频散曲线图; 接着通过子空间反演得到整个区域在不同周期时的群速度分布; 最后通过阻尼最小二乘反演得到不同深度切片上的横波速度分布及不同纵剖面上的横波速度分布． 结果显示: ① 海盆速度较高, 且速度分布很好地勾勒出海盆的轮廓. 浅层较高的横波速度说明海盆都具有洋壳性质, 而深部较高的横波速度则可能对应扩张中心生成洋壳后残留的高速物质． 不同海盆速度上的差异与它们的热流值和年龄大小一致．海盆下的高速异常在60 km以下消失, 且在一定深度范围内由低速区替代． 在低速区下200 km深度, 在南海海盆观测到一条NE-SW走向的高速异常, 可能与古俯冲带有关. ② 环南海出现明显的高速区, 对应俯冲带特征, 且这些高速区速度差异明显且有间断, 说明俯冲带的非均质性和俯冲角度的差异. ③ 在环南海高速区内侧（向南海侧）观测到不连续的低速区． 在浅层, 这些低速区反映了沉积层和地壳的厚度特征. 在地幔, 这些低速区可能对应于古太平洋俯冲带的地幔楔或者也可能反映了南海海盆停止扩张后残留的地幔熔融物质. ④ 南海海盆岩石圈的厚度为60——85 km． 

Group velocity tomography of Rayleigh waves in South China Sea and its geodynamic implications

The South China Sea is one of the marginal seas of West Pacific where the Eurasian plate, Philippine Sea plate, Pacific plate and Indo-Australian plate interact, and therefore has complex geological structures. In this study, we give a 3D shear wave velocity structure of South China Sea deduced from surface wave tomography and analyze its geodynamic implications. Due to the newly deployed seismic stations in western and southern South China Sea, we have a better ray path coverage when using the single station method. This is especially true for the coastal region of southern China, where earthquakes occur less frequently and the newly added stations can increase the ray density in this region. We used earthquakes distributed on the periphery of South China Sea and collectedearthquake data from 48 stations. We first calculated the group velocity dispersion curves of fundamental mode for Rayleigh waves with periods from 14 s to 130 s using multiple filter technique. Then we conducted subspace inversion to get group velocity distributions for different periods in the region. Finally, on the basis of the relationship between shear wave velocity and group velocity under certain layer structure of the Earth, we obtained the 3D shear wave structures in the form of depth slices and vertical profiles by using a damped least square algorithm. The results show: ① High velocities exist in sea basins where velocity image delineates the shape of sea basins: the high velocities in shallow parts may indicate oceanic characteristics of the sea basin crust, while high velocities in deeper parts may come from high velocity materials which remained after the formation of oceanic crust at expanding ocean ridge. The velocity differences among sea basins are consistent with their heat flow values as well as their ages. The high velocities disappear at depths greater than 60 km, and are replaced by a low-velocity zone in a certain depth range. Beneath the low-velocity zone, a NE-SW high-velocity belt is observed at a depth of 200 km, and may be related to the ancient subduction in this region. ② Surrounding the South China Sea, there are obvious high velocities representing peripheral subductions. These high-velocity features are segmented and show differences in velocity values,implying nonuniformness of these subducting plates as well as their different subducting angles. ③ Above these high-velocities, we see discontinuous low-velocity zones. At shallow depths, these low velocities reflect the thickness of sedimentary layers and the crust, and in mantle depths, the low velocities may correspond to either mantle wedges of the ancient Pacific subduction zones or residual mantle melting anomalies after the cease of South China Sea opening. ④ The lithosphere thickness of the South China Sea basin tends to be 60mdash;85 km.