考虑灵活性潜力的互联网数据中心与配电网双层协同规划方法

在国家“数字经济”与“新基建”战略的双重推动下,近年来互联网数据中心(internet data center, IDC)快速发展并逐渐成为电力系统中重要新增负荷和需求响应(demand response, DR)资源。为支撑IDC与电力系统协调发展,提出了一种考虑灵活性潜力的IDC与配电网双层协同规划框架。首先,根据IDC数据负荷及用电负荷特性建立IDC能耗模型,并从数据负荷的时空可迁移、可削减等角度分析了IDC灵活调节潜力。在此基础上,通过深入分析IDC与配电网之间的信息传递和互动关系,并考虑不确定性因素的影响,提出了以配电网运营商为上层领导者制定实时节点电价,数据中心运营商为下层跟随者基于实时电价参与DR的IDC优化选址和配置模型。该模型在充分考虑二者规划运行及价格的约束下,实现了上层净盈利最大化、下层成本最小化的双层协同规划。最后通过算例仿真和对比分析,证明了所提方法的有效性。

Bi-level approach to internet data-center and distribution network collaborative planning considering the potential of flexibilities

Driven by the national strategies of "digital economy" and "new infrastructure", the internet data center (IDC) has developed rapidly in recent years and gradually become an important new load and demand response (DR) resource in the power system. To support the coordinated development of the IDC and power system, this paper proposes a bi-level collaborative planning framework for the IDC and distribution network considering the potential of flexibilities. First, an IDC energy consumption model is established according its data and power load characteristics, and its flexible adjustment potential is analyzed from the perspectives of time migration and reduction of data load. Through in-depth analysis of the information interaction between the IDC and the distribution network, and considering the influence of uncertain factors, this paper proposes a method in which the distribution network operator (DNO) is the upper leader in formulating real-time node electricity prices. The data center operator (DCO) is the lower-level follower to participate in DR and decide optimal site selection and configuration. This method realizes the bi-level collaborative planning of maximizing the profit of the upper level and minimizing the cost of the lower level by fully considering the constraints of the two planning operations and prices. Finally, the rationality and effectiveness of the method proposed are proved by example simulation and comparative analysis. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52177082).