贵州省2006-2011年炭疽芽胞杆菌检出情况与致病性研究

目的了解贵州省2006—2011年炭疽芽胞杆菌感染和分布情况，为贵州省炭疽疫情的预防控制和炭疽病09分子流行病学研究提供科学依据。方法对来自贵州省2006—2011年不同地区09830份疑似炭疽标本（外环境标本667份、患者标本151份和牲畜标本12份），采用传统的革兰染色镜检、普通营养琼脂平板和血琼脂平板培养基分离培养炭疽芽胞杆菌，运用青霉素抑制试验和噬菌体裂解试验对可疑炭疽芽胞杆菌菌落进行鉴定。采用Real—time PCR技术检测88株经传统细菌学方法鉴定为炭疽芽胞杆菌菌株pX01质粒上的PA基因和pX02质粒上的CAP基因。结果从830份标本中分离出88株炭疽芽胞杆菌，总检出率为10．60％。2007年分离出炭疽杆菌的阳性标本最多，占36．36％；其次为2009年，占29．55％。阳性标本主要分布在黔西南州，其次为毕节地区和黔南州；册亨县、织金县和望谟县为炭疽杆菌检出数较多的监测县。88株炭疽芽胞杆菌CAP基因均为阳性。除2007年2株炭疽菌株PA基因为阴性外，其余86株PA基因均为阳性。结论贵州省炭疽疫源地面积广大，污染严重；检出的88株炭疽芽胞杆菌中97．73％的菌株同时具有两种毒力质粒，具有强致病性；该研究结果对贵州省炭疽疫情的预防控制及分子流行病学研究具有重要意义。

Isolation and pathogenicity of Bacillus anthracis in Guizhou Province from 2006 to 2011

To understand the epidemiological and molecular epidemiological characterization of Bacillus anthracis in Guizhou Province from 2006 to 2011 and provide a scientific support for anthrax epidemic prevention and control, 830 suspected anthrax specimens from different regions of Guizhou Province from 2006 to 2011 （outside environment, patients and animals for each 667, 151 and 12 samples） were cultured and identified using the traditional Gram staining, ordinary nutrient agar plates, blood agar medium,penicillin inhibition experiments, and phage test. PA gene on pXO1 plasmid and capA gene on pXO2 plasmid of 88 strains were detected by real-time PCR. The 88 Bacillus anthracis strains were isolated from 830 samples with positive rate of 10.60%. Positive rate of all samples in 2007 was 36.36% and 29.55% in 2009. The positive samples were mainly distributed in Qianxinan area, followed by Bijie and Qiannan. Ceheng, Zhijin and Wangmoe were three districts at high risk of anthrax. CapA genes of 88 strains were all positive. Except 2 strains were negative of PA gene, other 86 strains were positive. The epidemic focus of Guizhou Province was wide and the pollution was quite serious. The 97.73 G strains had two virulence genes and displayed strong pathogenicity. The results is important to anthrax epidemic prevention and control.